县乡两级公共服务部门改革制度经济学分析.docVIP

县乡两级公共服务部门改革制度经济学分析 　　[摘要]县乡两级公共服务部门改革在我国公共服务部门改革中占有突出重要的位置。农村税费改革之后，基层政府面临的财政困境对县乡两级公共服务提出了新的挑战。文章基于对河北省平山县的调查研究，通过制度经济学理论中的成本效益分析、委托代理分析和产权结构分析，认为县乡两级公共服务部门改革应当在清晰的改革框架下进行；对于政府与社会共同出资的公共服务部门，要正确计算政府出资的比例；在改革的实施过程中要考虑到低收入群体的需求。 　　[关键词]县乡两级公共服务部门；制度经济学分析；公共服务；平山县 　　[中图分类号]F048.2 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1002-736X(2008)10-0039-04 　　 　　The Institutional Economic Analysis of the Reforming 　　 in Public Service Sectors in County and Town 　　―Takes Ping Shan County of Heibei Province as the Example 　　Zhang Lei 1, Sun Shifang 2, Meng Han3 　　(1. College of Environment and Resource, College of Anshun, Anshun, Guizhou 561000; 2. HeBei College of Social Science. Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051; 3. Institute of Law, Hebei Economics and Business University. Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091) 　　 　　Abstract: The reform of public service sectors in county and town hold the prominent important position in Chinas reforming of public service sectors. After the reforming of countryside’s taxes and fees, the basic unit government was in a financial difficult position and that become a problem to the county and township public services. Based on the investigation in Pingshan County, this paper applied the system economic theory in the cost benefit analysis, the principal-agent analysis and the property right structure analysis, believed that the reform of public service sectors in county and town should carrying on under a clear reform frame; calculating the government investment proportion correctly of the public service sectors that be invested together with government and society, and considering the demand of low income community in the reform implementation process. 　　Key words: public service sectors in county and town; institutional economic analysis; public service; Ping Shan County 　　 　　一、我国县乡两级公共服务部门现状 　　 　　我国的公共服务部门达100万个，职工总数接近3000 万人，其职责是为社会提供公共服务(世界银行，2005)。其中，县乡两级公共服务部门职工占总数的65%，构成了我国公共服务体系的主体。税费改革的实行，在规范农村分配关系、减轻农民负担方面取得了很大成效，同时也给县乡两级财政带来了深远的影响。县乡两级政府提供了大部分重要的公共服务，即70%的教育支出，55%