土壤调理剂对设施菜田土壤理化性状影响及环境效应.docVIP

土壤调理剂对设施菜田土壤理化性状影响及环境效应 　　摘 要：设施菜田土壤质量下降制约着蔬菜产业持续发展。采用不同调理剂对设施土壤理化性状及氮磷环境效应进行试验研究。结果表明，施用试验材料的表层土壤容重均低于对照，田间持水量均高于对照，其中木本调理剂改土作用优于腐植酸钾和草本源调理剂处理；施用试验材料土壤有机质含量有所上升，土壤有效氮磷钾含量均有所提高，全氮含量有所下降，土壤C/N比有所增加；施用木本源和草本源调理剂对减缓土壤氮下移有一定作用。另外，腐植酸钾和木本源调理剂处理黄瓜产量均显著高于其他处理。该研究对改善土壤性状与提升设施土壤质量具有一定参考价值。 　　关键词： 土壤调理剂；设施菜田；土壤性状；环境效应 　　中图分类号：S155.4+1；S156.2 文献标识：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.06.014 　　Abstracts： The decline of greenhouse soil quality restricted the sustainable development of vegetable industry. The influence of different conditioner on the physical and chemical properties and the nutrients environmental effect were studied by experiment. The result showed that the experiment treatments had lower surface soil bulk density and higher field moisture capacity by applying test materials， and soil improvement effect of woody conditioner was better than the humic acid potassium and herb source conditioner. By applying test materials， the contents of soil organic matter were improved， the contents of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium were also improved， the contents of the total nitrogen were decreased， soil carbon and nitrogen ratio was risen. Using woody source and herb source conditioners would reduce soil nitrogen movement. In addition， using potassium humate and woody source conditioner to cucumber made higher output than other treatments. This study would have some reference value for improving soil properties and soil quality. 　　Key words： soil conditioner； greenhouse vegetable； soil properties； environmental effect 　　作为“菜篮子”的蔬菜产业一直是百姓生活普遍关注的重点，也是农民增收的亮点。其中，设施蔬菜产业作为整体蔬菜产业的有效补充，其地位日益显现，尤其在大城市，设施蔬菜产业具有举足轻重的地位。近些年，天津市设施蔬菜规模发展速度很快，目前设施蔬菜面积占蔬菜栽培总面积的一半以上[1]。但是，在集约化设施发展的同时，设施土壤质量状况堪忧。高度集约化管理模式下的土壤次生盐渍化与酸化加重、土壤氮磷养分过量积累、土壤碳氮养分失衡、土传病害频繁以及土壤微生物多样性下降等问题日渐明显[2]，设施蔬菜生产体系土壤根际微生态系统环境失调，不能保障地上部的高效生长，尤其在设施老菜田表现明显[3]。通过改善根际土壤理化性状，开展设施菜田土壤质量提升研究是实现设施菜田体系良性循环发展的关键。土壤调理剂是加入土壤中用于改善土壤理化性质及其生物活性的物料[4]，其主要原料为天然泥炭、农用保水剂或其他有机物等，富含了营养元素[5-7]。这些土壤调理剂产品对于改良土壤结构、降低土壤盐碱危害、调节土壤酸碱度、改善土壤水分状况等作用较