当代英国社会及文化 14.pptVIP

Chapter 14 Three main parties in Britain? p341 Beliefs and policies of the main parties p342-343 Writing: Compare the election manifestos of 2005 of the two main parties, regarding education (p344-345) The beliefs of the two parties may serve as the base for the comparison (p342-343). Statements and judgments p350 (Section B 2) How did Britain Vote in 2005? p346 Pressure groups p348, p352 -Different from the main parties? -All interests catered to? -Promotional function and protective function? -Strategies to ‘pressure’? p352 -Advantages and disadvantages? P252 -How are they different from the shadow cabinet? Main Parties the Conservative Party the Labour Party the Liberal Democrats Formation of parties 16th: religious difference Puritans →Parliament trade →Parliament men →Whigs →Liberals Anglican Church → King and Church → Loyalists → Tories → Conservatives 1922 Labor Party (working class) replaced the Liberal Party to become one of the two major parties Quotations A wise Tory and a wise Whig, I believe, will agree. Their principles are the same, though modes of thinking are different. -Samuel Johnson It’s not the voting that’s democracy, it’s the counting. -Tom Stoppard (1937-, British playwright) One party, two parties, multi-parties? The more parties there are , the less likely it is that any one of them will be strong enough in Parliament to outvote all the others; but when there are only two, one of them is bound to have a majority of seats. This helps to ensure a strong and stable government. P.S. Tregidgo A Background to English A brief history William Ⅰ(1066-1087, in Norman Rule), the Grand Council, composed of the barons, required to serve when summoned The Great Charter (1215) and the beginning of Parliament: Discontented with King John’s tyranny and misgovernment, the barons forced the king to sign the charter. A document set a legal relation between