基于GIS六盘水市水土流失调查分析.docVIP

基于GIS六盘水市水土流失调查分析 　　摘 要：区域水土流失的研究是我国水土流失中的重点，而南方水蚀区的水土流失的动态研究较少， 水土流失已经成为社会经济发展中不可忽视的社会问题和环境问题，开展区域水土流失分析评价与研究十分有必要。该文利用3S技术，以ASTER GDEM 30mDEM为基础数据提取贵州省六盘水市坡度数据，与六盘水市1990―2015年土地利用数据进行叠加分析，参照中华人民共和国《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》（SL190―2007），结合六盘水市实际情况评定六盘水市水土流失等级，对近25年水土流失状况进行动态监测。结果表明，六盘水市水土流失状况是一个波动起伏的过程，但总体上水土保持有所改善。并且分析了其变化特征、规律及产生的原因，提出了相应的治理措施。 　　关键词：六盘水市；水土流失；动态监测；GIS 　　中图分类号 S157 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2017）23-0122-3 　　Abstract：The study of regional soil and water loss is the focus of soil and water loss in our country. However， there are few studies on the soil erosion in the water erosion area in the south. Soil and water loss has become a social and environmental issue that can not be neglected in the social and economic development. Research is very necessary. In this paper， the slope data of Liupanshui City in Guizhou Province were extracted based on the ASTER GDEM 30mDEM data and the land use data of Liupanshui from 1990 to 2015 were superposed with 3S technology. According to the Classification Standard of Soil Erosion Classification （SL190-2007） of the Peoples Republic of China ） and the actual situation of Liupanshui City， the grade of soil and water loss in Liupanshui City was assessed. The soil and water loss status in recent 25 years was monitored dynamically. The results showed that the water and soil loss in Liupanshui City was a fluctuating process， but the overall soil and water conservation was improved. Finally， the article analyzes its changing characteristics， rules and causes， and puts forward the measures of governance. 　　Key words：Liupanshui City；Water and soil erosion；Dynamic moitoring；GIS 　　水土流失?c农林牧的生产紧密相关，主要表现为大量水土流失导致土层变薄，土壤肥力下降，严重的情况下还会对生态环境产生较大的负面影响。我国西南地区水土流失严重，水土流失导致基岩裸露，从而造成三大生态灾害中的―种――石漠化。贵州水土流失分布总的趋势是西北部严重于东南部，从行政区划单位看，毕节、六盘水的水土流失最为严重[1]。 　　我国早期的水土流失调查大多基于定性的地貌调查方法或制图学方法，类型和等级划分依据简单。从1985年至今，以陆地资源卫星MSS和TM影像为主要信息源，开展了3次全国范围的土壤侵蚀遥感调查，基本查明了中国的水土流失状况[2]。我国是世界上水土流失最严重的国家，同时水土流失也是世界性的环境问题。美国Wischmeier和Smith利用美国国家数据中心收集的10000多个小区的年径流和土壤流失基