基于热固耦合柴油机气缸盖有限元分析.docVIP

基于热固耦合柴油机气缸盖有限元分析 　　摘 要： 针对柴油发动机缸盖失效问题，在ABAQUS软件中以某现产柴油发动机构建仿真模型，通过实验数据标定模型温度边界，运用热固耦合理论对缸盖的温度分布、应力及变形分布进行仿真分析.对于分析中发现的热应力集中的缸盖鼻梁区，提出了缸心外凸、平齐和内凹的3种对比优化设计方案，并进行仿真验证.仿真结果表明，采用缸心内凹设计，降低缸心区域壁厚，可以有效降低鼻梁区最大应力.与试验对比，仿真模型的温度分布符合实际缸盖温度分布，验证了此方法的准确性，为解决柴油发动机缸盖失效问题提供了有效的优化设计方法. 　　关键词：气缸盖；耦合传热；温度场；热应力 　　中图分类号：TK422 文献标志码：A 　　Finite Element Analysis of Diesel Engine Cylinder 　　Head Based on Thermosetting Coupling 　　GONG Jinke， HE Wei， ZHONG Chao， TIAN Yinghua 　　（State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body，Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China） 　　Abstract： A simulation model of a certain diesel engine was built by ABAQUS to solve the engine cracking problem. The temperature boundary of the model was calibrated based on experimental temperature data. The temperature and stress/deformation distributions of the diesel engine were analyzed based on the thermosetting coupling theory. Three kinds of cylinder center surfaces including convex， flat， and concave surfaces were put forward due to the thermal stress concentration in the bridge of nose area. Simulations were carried out to verify these three projects. It showed that the stress of the concave surface was smaller than others. Reduction of the wall thickness of the center area decreased the maximum stress of the bridge of nose area. The temperature distribution of the analysis model was found to be consistent with the experimental results. The experimental results also verified the accuracy of the thermosetting coupling numerical simulation. In a whole， the investigation in this paper provides the theoretical basis for the optimization design of the cylinder head. 　　Key words： cylinder heads； coupled heat transfer； temperature field； thermal stress 　　随着中国经济发展，国内商用车市场在近年来稳步增长，根据发动机售后市场调查，国内柴油机普遍面临缸盖失效的问题，在缸盖失效的原因中，12%是缸盖开裂导致，而缸盖开裂的柴油机通常需要更换整机，维修成本昂贵，因此缸盖开裂问题亟待解决. 　　气缸盖的作用是用来密封燃烧室，安装配气机构和外围零部件.为了达到密封效果，缸盖上往往需要施加很大的螺栓力，使缸垫产生形变以保证燃气不泄露.在发动机工作过程中，气缸盖火力面直接与高温燃气接触，承受高温高压燃气的冲击[1].由于缸盖结构复杂，冷却系统