太极拳锻炼促进老年人认知功能研究综述.docVIP

太极拳锻炼促进老年人认知功能研究综述 　　摘要：维护老年人认知功能具有重要理论和现实意义。体育锻炼可提高老年人认知功能，太极拳尤为适合老年人参加，并对延缓老年人认知功能衰退有积极作用。研究发现太极拳对老年人认知的塑造主要包括执行功能、记忆功能、注意功能和全脑认知状态。后续研究可从身体锻炼-认知中介模型和选择性提高假说探讨这一作用的机制。这些发现对促进老年人参与体育锻炼，推广中国传统体育项目，促进老年人健康，减轻人口老龄化对家庭和社会带来的压力有重要意义。 　　关键词：体育心理学；认知功能；太极拳；老年人；综述 　　中图分类号：G804.8文献标志码：A文章编号：1006-7116(2014)04-0061-05 　　 　　An overview of researches on Taijiquan exercising promoting the 　　elderly’s cognitive function 　　LIANG Dong-mei1，TANG Wen-qing1，2，LUO Cong1，ZHANG Min-qiang1 　　（1.Center for Studies of Psychological Application/School of Psychology，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510631，China；2.School of Education，Guangxi University，Nanning 530004，China) 　　 　　Abstract: Maintaining the elderly’s cognitive function has important theoretical and realistic significance. Physical exercising can improve the elderly’s cognitive function, especially Taijiquan is suitable for the elderly to participate in, and playing an active role in delaying the decline of the elderly’s cognitive function. Horizontal and vertical researches found that the shaping of the elderly’s cognition by Taijiquan mainly includes execution function, memory function, attention function and whole brain cognition condition. Follow-up researches can probe into the mechanism of this function based on the body exercising - cognition medium model and the selectivity enhancement hypothesis. These findings have important significance to promoting the elderly to participate in physical exercising, popularizing traditional Chinese sports events, promoting the elderly’s health, and reducing the pressure brought by population aging to families and society. 　　Key words: sports psychology；cognitive function；Taijiquan；the elderly；overview 　　 　　 　　近年来，最具有中国传统文化代表性的太极拳受到西方医学研究的关注，因其缓慢的节奏、适中的强度及独特的身心合一特点尤为适合老年人参加。张楠楠等[1]、徐丽香等[2]研究发现，太极拳锻炼可显著改善中老年人的认知功能。国外研究也报道太极拳锻炼可改善老年人记忆功能[3-8]、执行功能[3，7-9]和注意等认知功能[5，7-8，10-12]。已有综述研究报道太极拳锻炼对老年人认知功能的影响[13]，但其中所纳入的研究不以对认知功能的影响作为单一研究目的[13]。本研究针对以影响认知功能为唯一研究目的、老年人为单一年龄段的太极拳