毕业论文(设计)-《先锋褐煤在离子液体中解聚的研究》.docVIP

先锋褐煤在离子液体中解聚的研究 摘 要 从分子水平上揭示褐煤的结构特征及其解聚行为是褐煤高效和洁净转化的理论基础。本文针对褐煤难以在常规有机溶剂中高效解聚的问题，考察了离子液体的种类和结构、解聚条件（温度、煤和离子液体比、预处理方式）对褐煤中弱键合结构解离的影响规律、分析不同反应条件下所得残煤和产物的组成和结构的变化规律，分级萃取和分级萃取产物分析等手段来探索褐煤中弱键结构信息。 研究表明：离子液体-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐[Bmim]Cl对先锋褐煤具有优良的萃取性能。在200 oC、[Bmim]Cl和先锋褐煤比为10，微波辅助下萃取30 min，先锋褐煤的萃取率约为80 wt%。萃取温度和离子液体/煤比显著影响先锋褐煤在离子液体中的萃取率。 煤种显著影响离子液体对其萃取率。随着煤阶的提高，[Bmim]Cl对煤的萃取率逐渐降低；对煤进行酸处理、水热处理和硝酸氧化处理，不能地提高[Bmim]Cl对先锋褐煤煤的萃取率。 红外分析表明[Bmim]Cl可以在较温和的条件下有效的破坏先锋褐煤中各氢键，对先锋褐煤中OH-π氢键、自缔合的羟基多聚体和紧密结合的羟基四聚体的破坏作用最为显著。萃取温度和[Bmim]Cl/煤值高时，先锋褐煤中氢键破坏的量越大，萃取物主要为褐煤中芳烃化合物含有羧酸、Car-O-Car和Car-O-Cal等结构。 阴离子的种类显著影响离子液体对先锋褐煤的萃取性能。不同阴离子的咪唑型离子液体对先锋褐煤的萃取率由高至低依次为：Cl-H2PO4-Br-=OH-BF4-BrO3-PF6-；不同种类的离子液体对先锋褐煤中氢键的破坏作用显著不同。 先锋褐煤中存在少量的有机小分子小分子的物质，大量的离子交联作用力和氢键等非共价作用力。褐煤中可能存在多尺度的弱键和结构和相互作用。 关键词：褐煤；萃取；离子液体 The study of depolymerization of Xianfeng lignite in ionic liquids Abstract An understanding the basic structure of lignite and its depolymerization behaviors at the molecular level is of both fundamental and practical importance because it is the basis for coal efficiency and cleaning uses. In order to overcome the problem of the low extraction yield of low-rank coal with many conventional organic solvent at mild extraction conditions, the effect of the type and structure of the ionic liquids, the depolymerization conditions (temperature, the ratio of coal to ionic liquids and different pretreatment method of coal) on the extraction yield of lignite were investigated in this paper. In order to examine effect of noncovalent bonds on the extraction yield of lignite, lignite was subjected to NMP extraction, acid treatment, subsequent successively extraction with NMP, [Bmim]BF4 and [Bmim]Cl. Also the residues and extracts obtained in each experiment were characterized. The results show that ionic liquids–1-butyl-3-methy-imidazolium ([Bmim]Cl) has high performance on the extraction of Xianfeng lignite (XF). The extract yield of XF reaches to 77.5 wt% at 200 oC for 30 min, when the ratio of [Bmim]Cl/XF is for 10. Ext