神经生物学-脑的节律与睡眠.pdfVIP

脑的节律与睡眠 Outline 1. 脑电图 2. 睡眠与觉醒 3. 昼夜节律 Hans Berger 与EEG 的发现 从telepathy到EEG的发 EEG电极位置 A, 耳(auricle); C, 中央(central); Cz, 顶点  测量一对电极间的差异信 (vertex); F, 前额部(frontal); Fp, 额极(frontal pole); O, 枕部(occipital); P, 顶部(parietal); T, 颞侧(temporal). EEG的产生 只有许多细胞的贡献才能使在头皮上记录的信号大到被识别记 思考问题  突触活动在皮层深层，记录到的EEG极性如何？  动作电位的幅度要比突触后电位大，为什么EEG的主要贡献是后者？  抑制性突触后电位能被EEG记录到吗？ 神经元同步活动可使EEG信号增大 脑电节律 Alpha波  Characteristics: - frequency: 8-13 Hz - amplitude: 20-60 µV  Easily produced when quietly sitting in relaxed position with eyes closed (few people have trouble producing alpha waves)  Alpha blockade occurs with mental activity -exceptions found by Shaw(1996) in the case of mental arithmetic, archery, and golf putting Beta波  Characteristics: -frequency: 14-30 Hz -amplitude: 2-20 µV  The most common form of brain waves. Are present during mental thought and activity Theta Waves  Characteristics: -frequency: 4-7Hz -amplitude: 20-100µV  Believed to be more common in children than adults  Walter Study (1952) found these waves to be related to displeasure, pleasure, and drowsiness  Maulsby (1971) found theta waves with amplitudes of 100µV in babies feeding Delta Waves  Characteristics: -frequency: 0.5-3.5 Hz -amplitude: 20-200µV  Found during periods of deep sleep in most people  Characterized by very irregular and slow wave patterns  Also useful in detecting tumors and abnormal brain behaviors Gamma Waves  Characteristics: -frequency: 32-100Hz -amplitude: 3-5µV  Occur with sudden sensory stimuli, sensory binding  Conscious attention  meditation Different types of bra