神经生物学-性与大脑.pptVIP

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis Sex differences in BSTc of human brain Zhou,Hofman,Gooren,Swaab.Nature 378:68-70, 1995. Kruijver et al. J.Clin.Endocr.Metab.85:2034-2041, 2000 Fig. 11-17, p. 349 Figure 11.17: Volumes of the interstitial nucleus 3 of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH-3). Samples are females (F), heterosexual males (M), and homosexual males (HM). Each filled circle represents a person who died of AIDS; each triangle represents a person who died from other causes. The one open circle represents a bisexual man who died of AIDS. (Source: Reprinted with permission from “A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men,” by S. LeVay, Science, 253, pp. 1034–1037. Copyright ? 1991 American Association for the Advancement of Science.) Sex differences in (INAH)-3 of human brain Prenatal factors that may influence sexual orientation Note: abbreviations: CAH = congenital adrenal hyperplasia; DES = diethylstilbestrol. Fig. 11-14, p. 346 Sexual orientations in adult relatives of a homosexual man or woman. Note that the probability of a homosexual orientation is highest among monozygotic twins of a homosexual individual, lower among dizygotic twins, and still lower among adopted brothers or sisters. These data suggest a genetic contribution toward the development of sexual orientation. (Source: Based on the data of Bailey Pillard, 1991; Bailey, Pillard, Neale, Agyei, 1993) There is a persistently occurring genomic mutation, since homosexual individuals are less likely to have children A sufficient number of homosexuals do have children which maintain the genes Heterozygous hypothesis: the gay gene is linked to something beneficial Kin selection: a homosexual contributes in some way to the reproductive success of his/her siblings, thus fostering the maintenance of a significant percentage of his/her genome. If there is a ‘gay gene’, why hasn’t it disappeared from the human genome? In HoM, like in HeW, the connectio