神经生物学-神经科学导论(五年制).PPT

The origin of neuroscience 神经元：脑的基本功能单位 Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) staining of neurons with silver (1906’ Nobel Price) Remon Cajal (1852-1934) Spanish histologist. a network of discrete neurons, established the neuron doctrine 神经元学说 (1906’ Nobel Price). The origin of neuroscience 神经元：脑的基本功能单位 Structure of cells in nervous tissue revealed by microscope. In 1839, German Theodor Schwann proposed the cell theory: All tissues are composed of microscopic units called cells. Initially, scientists could not decide whether the processes from different cells fuse together like the blood vessels of the circulatory system. By 1900, the individual nerve cell, now called the neuron, was recognized to be the basic functional unit of the nervous system. The origin of neuroscience Neuron Number: 1011 Size: about 30-50 mm Synapse number: ~103/neuron Extremely Complex Network (Nerve System) Synapse：突触 Circuit：环路 The origin of neuroscience Current views about nerve cells, the the brain, and the behavior Anatomy, embryology, Physiology, Pharmacology, Psychology More than 100 years Neuroscience Today Neuroscience Today 研究的层次 Molecular Neuroscience Cellular Neuroscience Systems Neuroscience Behavioral Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience To reduce the complexity of the problem, neuroscientists break it into smaller pieces for systematic experimental analysis. This is called the reductionist approach. Neuroscience Today Molecular Neuroscience The brain has been called the most complex piece of matter in the universe. Brain matter consists of a fantastic variety of molecules, many of which are unique to the nervous system. These different molecules play many different roles that are crucial for brain function: “messengers” 信使 “sentries” 卫兵 “conductors” 向导 “archivists” 档案管理员 Neuroscience Today Cellular Neuroscience Focuses on studying how all those molecules work together to give the neuron its special properties. How many diff