化工专业英语-Unt8PPT.ppt

Intermediate distillates. These include gas oil,　light and heavy domestic furnace oils（家用炉用油）,　diesel fuels,　and distillates used for cracking to produce more gasoline.　These distillates are used mainly for transportation fuels（运输燃料） in heavy trucks（重型卡车）,　railroads,　small commercial boats,　standby and peak-shaving power plants,　farm equipment,　and wherever diesels（柴油机） are used to produce power.　Home heating furnaces use these distillates. 中间馏分。这些（馏分）包括汽油、轻质的和重质的家用炉子油、柴油和用来裂解生产更多汽油的馏分。这些馏分主要用作重型卡车、铁路、小型商船的交通燃料，以及用在备用的和用电高峰时起调节作用的工厂、农场设备等任何用内燃机来发电的地方。 Heavy distillates. These are converted into (使转变；把…转化成；折合 ) lubricating oils,　heavy oils for a variety of fuel uses,　waxes (石蜡),　and cracking stock (股票，库存). 重质馏分。这些（馏分）被转化成润滑油、各种各样用作燃料的重油、石蜡和裂解原料。 After completing this unit, you should be able to: Identify the major constitutes of petroleum. List some important precursors of petrochemicals from petroleum refining. List the unit operation and conversion processes in petroleum refining. Describe briefly cracking and reforming processes. Unit 8 Petroleum Processing Petroleum, the product of natural changes in organic materials over millennia(数千年）, has accumulated beneath (在……的下方 ) the earth’s surface in almost unbelievable quantities and has been discovered by humans and used to meet（满足） our varied fuel wants. 石油，有机物经过几千年自然变化的产物，在地表下以令人难以置信的量堆积，已经被人们发现用来满足我们各种各样的燃料需求。 Because it is a mixture of thousands of organic substances, it has proved adaptable to ( (使)适应，适合) our changing needs. 因为它是一种几千种有机物质的混合物，所以已经证明它可以适应我们（不断）改变的需要。 It has been adapted, through changing patterns of processing or refining, to the manufacture of a variety of fuels and through chemical changes to the manufacture of a host of pure chemical substances, the petrochemicals（石化产品） . 通过改变工艺或者精炼模式它可以用于许多燃料的生产，而通过化学改变可以用于许多纯的化学物质——石油化工产品的生产。 Modern units operate continuously. First a tubular heater（管式加热器） supplies hot oil to an efficient distillation