第1章代谢引论和生物能概述-2.pptVIP

高能化合物类型 ATP的特点 在pH=7环境中，ATP分子中的三个磷酸基团完全解离成带4个负电荷的离子形式（ATP4-），具有较大势能，加之水解产物稳定，因而水解自由能很大（ΔG°′=-30.5千焦/摩尔）。 ATP4- + H2O ＝ ADP3- + Pi2- + H+ ?G ＝-30.5kJ?MOL-1 腺嘌呤—核糖— O — P — O — P — O — P — O- O O O O- O- O- ?+ ?+ ?+ Mg2+ For most enzymatic reactions that involve ATP as phosphoryl group donor, the true substrate is MgATP2- ATP在能量转运中地位和作用 ★ ATP是细胞内的“能量通货” ★ ATP是细胞内磷酸基团转移的中间载体 ～P ～P ～P ～P ATP ～P 0 2 10 8 6 4 12 14 磷酸基团转移能 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸 3-磷酸甘油酸磷酸 磷酸肌酸（磷酸基团储备物） 6-磷酸葡萄糖 3-磷酸甘油 ATP provides energy by group transfer (donating a Pi, PPi or AMP to form covalent intermediates), not by simple hydrolysis ATP energizes active transport and muscle contraction. In the firefly, ATP is used in a set of reactions that convert chemical energy into light energy. In the lab, as little as a few picomoles (10-12 mol) of ATP can be measured using firefly luciferin and luciferase (荧光素酶), using spectroscopic methods. In the firefly, ATP is used in a set of reactions that convert chemical energy into light energy ATP is not a long-term storage form of free energy in living cells, being consumed within a minute following its formation (phosphocreatine(磷酸肌酸) act as a energy storage form for longer term). The concentration of ATP remains constant, because the rate of ATP consumption equals its rate of synthesis. A resting human consumes about 40 kg of ATP in 24 hours! References Alberty, R. A. (1994) “Biochemical thermodynamics” Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1207:1-11. Frey, P. A. and Arabshahi, A. (1995) “Standard free energy change for hydrolysis of the a-b phosphoanhydride bridge in ATP” Biochemistry, 34:11307-11310. Westheimer, F.H., (1987) “Why nature chose phosphates” Science,235:1173-1178. Kornberg, A et al. (1999) “Inorganic polyphosphate: a molecule of many functions” Annu. Rev. Biochem. 68:89-125. * * algae藻类 * * * * * * * 第1章 代谢引论和生物能学概述 主要内容：介绍新陈代谢的概念和研究方法，生物能力学的基本内容和高能化合物的概念和特点。 目 录 第一节 新陈代谢通论 第二节 新陈代谢研究方法 第三节 生物能学简介 第四节 高能化合物 第一节 新陈代谢通论 一、新