汽车文化对美国城市规划影响.docVIP

汽车文化对美国城市规划影响 　　[摘 要]本文从美国汽车工业的兴起和衰落说起，由其导致的一系列城市、文化和生活方式的改变，和美国梦的逐渐转变。分析汽车如何变成美国全民追逐的话题-汽车是美国新式生活代表，也诠释着新的美国梦。 　　[关键词]汽车，美国梦，美国，城市规划 　　中图分类号：U348 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-914X（2016）04-0224-03 　　[Abstract]This paper rises from a curiosity of the rise and fall of the US auto industrial history， which triggered a series of urban， cultural and lifestyle changes， and implied a gradual development of American Dream in different periods. As the economic base determines the superstructure， in order to comprehend the full series of events， I would start the history research from the US economy in Post-World War II. I would then explain how the automobile became the main pillar of the American economy， which is exactly what the whole country chasing after. In that period， automobile was an symbol of the Americans’ new lifestyle， also it embodied the American Dream. 　　[Key words]Automonbile， Architecture， American Dream， Urban Planning. 　　1.Introduction 　　From the assembly lines of Henry Ford’s Model T to the General Motors’ Auto Dealer’s Guidebook， from the heyday of auto industry to the decline of Detroit， from the ‘Drive-in’ culture to Googie Architecture， America history can be say to be a vehicular history. Man did make automobile， nevertheless automobile shapes the city and people’s life. 　　The infinite possibilities of interaction between automobiles and cities brought a large-scale transformation of American cities - private automobile can provide a more convenient and comfortable journey for long-distance transportation， which brings the rise of the suburbs， large shopping malls， expansion of city cluster. A new kinds of ‘drive-in’and ‘drive- thru’ cultures， that served customers as vehicles rather than pedestrian， were emerging up. However these rapid transformed cities appeared to be vulnerable by the sudden impacts from oil crisis， the automotive industry crisis， and so on. This leads that the government had to enact compelling strategy for reversing the automob