影响宣州枣树丰产生态因子与病虫害研究.docVIP

影响宣州枣树丰产生态因子与病虫害研究 　　摘 要：该文对宣州枣树的生态影响因子、丰产栽培及病虫害的发生进行了详细的调查研究。结果表明，气温和光照是影响枣树生长的重要生态因子。在宣州区，气温和有效积温分别达24℃和2 430℃以上时，枣树才能生长良好。良好的光照有利于枣树的生长。花期过低的湿度会影响授粉，但8月份的高湿会造成病害的流行。枣树对土壤的要求不严，但只有土层深厚、肥沃的土壤才能达到丰产目标。在栽培上，矮化密植方式更适于集约经营，提高经济效益。枣瘿蚊、枣粘虫、枣花盲蝽、红蜘蛛、桃小食心虫和枣炭疽病是宣州枣区最为重要的6种林业有害生物，在芽期、花期、幼果期及越冬期进行适时防治，可以有效控制病虫害的发生。宣州蜜枣要根据其生态要求采取合理的栽植模式和科学的管理，以保持其优良品质，从而达到稳产高产的目的。 　　关键词：枣树；生态因子；栽培措施；病虫害 　　中图分类号 S66 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2015）09-64-03 　　Influence of Ecological Factors and Management on Harvest of Jujube in Xuanzhou Area 　　Wang Lin 　　（Pest and Disease Control Station of Xuanzhou，Xuanchen 242000，China） 　　Abstract：In this paper，the ecological factors，cultivation and pests were investigated and analyzed in detail. The result showed that temperature and sunshine were key ecological factors for jujube tree growth. A daily average temperature over 24℃ and a accumulated temperature over 2 430℃ were necessary for well growth of jujube trees. Abundant illumination benefited jujube tree growth. Too low humidity in florescence was harmful to pollination. At the same time，high humidity would cause epidemic disease of jujube tree in August. Jujube trees could grow in all kinds of soils in Xuanzhou，but fertile soil with good irrigation would lead bumper harvest. The cultivation method of close planting was suitable for intensive management and higher income. Dasyneura datifolia，Ancylis sativa，Lygus sp.，Teranychus cinnabarinus，Carposina nipponensis，and Colletotrichum sp. were the most serious pests and disease in Xuanzhou. The pests could be controlled efficiently if four important periods of Florescence，budding，fruiting，and overwintering had been seriously taken into accounted. Scientific management and suitable cultivation could guarantee a bumper harvest of sweat jujube in Xuanzhou. 　　Key words：Jujube tree；Ecological factor；Cultivation；Pests 　　枣树是宣州区的特有经济树种，其树形高大，树姿优美，花、果、枝、干浑身都是宝。宣城尖枣、宣城团枣是我国南方2个优良品种，其果大、皮薄、肉质细嫩，适合加工成蜜枣、玉枣、蜜饯等多种产品，且树体高大，抗逆性强，丰产性好。在当前强力推进社会办林业和“千万亩森林增长工程”中，发展枣业具