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车辆噪声源阵列识别技术分析-analysis of vehicle noise source array recognition technology
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摘要
汽车产生已过百年,随着科学技术的不断发展,汽车各方面的性能也得到了很大提 高;但是随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对于车辆性能要求也是不断提高的。车辆噪声 不仅是评价舒适性的重要指标之一,汽车所产生的噪声也逐渐成为一种重要的环境噪 声。随着人们对车辆噪声的日益关注和车辆噪声限制标准的日益严格,控制噪声已经成 为车辆工业发展中的一项重要的研究课题,而进行噪声控制的关键是识别出噪声源的位 置。只有正确识别出噪声源的位置才能正确分析噪声发生的机理,这对以后的车辆噪声 控制具有深远意义。
本文所使用的定位方法是基于高分辨率空间谱估计的声源定位技术,传声器阵列类 型为均匀圆阵,通过几种空间谱估计算法的对比后得出改进 MUSIC 算法具有更高的识 别精度和更大的识别距离的结论,采用均匀圆形传声器阵列测量空间辐射声场信息,利 用改进 MUSIC 算法对车辆的声源分布进行预测,找出主要噪声源的位置。
本文介绍了车辆主要噪声源、国内外阵列信号的研究现状以及声学的基础理论。在
传声器阵列特性的理论上建立均匀线阵和均匀圆阵的数字信号模型,通过方向图的仿真 分析确定使用均匀圆阵作为本文研究阵列类型。通过几种空间谱估计算法适用范围对比 之后,选用改进 MUSIC 算法作为本文仿真与试验的算法。将改进 MUSIC 算法与传统 MUSIC 算法进行仿真实验对比,得出在仿真实验中改进 MUSIC 算法估计性能高于传统 MUSIC 算 法的结论。
利用传声器阵列技术对试验样车进行怠速工况下的噪声源识别试验,将实验数据分 别导入到改进 MUSIC 算法与传统 MUSIC 算法实现车辆主要噪声源定位。结论得到在低信 噪比的情况下改进 MUSIC 算法具有更大的识别距离和更高的识别精度,因此仿真及试验 结果表明改进 MUSIC 估计性能高于传统 MUSIC 算法。
关键词:车辆噪声;均匀圆阵;改进 MUSIC 算法;噪声源定位
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Abstract
Automobile has been produced for more than one hundred years. With the continuous development of the science and technology, all aspects of the car performance has been greatly improved, But with the improvement of peoples living standard, people’s requirements for the vehicle performance are constantly improve. The vehicle noise is not only one of the important indicators of evaluation of comfort, but also becoming an important means of environmental noise. With people’s increasingly concerned about the vehicle noise and increasingly strict of the vehicle noise limit standard, noise control has become an important research topic in the development of the vehicle industry. The key to the noise control is the identify the location of the noise source. Only identify the location of the noise source correctly, we can analysis the mechanism of noise generation correctly, which has far-reaching significance to the following vehicle noise control.
The research method of this paper is noise sources of spatial spectrum estimation which based on spatial spectral estimation using the type of uniform circular array. This paper presents an improved MUSIC
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