既有建筑节能改造保温材料NSGA―Ⅱ协同设计.docVIP

既有建筑节能改造保温材料NSGA―Ⅱ协同设计 　　摘 要：保温措施是既有建筑节能改造中最有效的节能措施之一。在墙体节能改造设计中，保温材料种类及其厚度的确定是至关重要的，受到多个目标参数的制约和影响。基于反问题的研究方法，建立数值计算方法与多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ相结合的优化模型，以单位面积墙体全年总能耗和保温材料成本为目标参数，对成都地区某既有建筑墙体节能改造的保温材料种类与厚度进行了协同设计。结果表明，采用常规的保温厚度，常用的8种保温材料中有6种都不是最优解，但是可以通过改变保温材料的厚度或单价等方法使解向Pareto前沿逼近，以实现单位面积墙体年总能耗最小和改造成本最小之间的平衡。 　　关键词：协同设计；反问题；遗传算法；数值方法 　　中?D分类号： TU111.4 　　文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-4764（2017）05-0108-08 　　Abstract：Insulation is one of the most effective measures in energy-saving renovation of existing buildings. The determination of type and thickness for the insulation material is crucial in the energy-saving design of wall， which is determined by multiple target parameters. An optimization model combined the numerical method with multi-objective genetic algorithm （NSGA-II） is established based on the inverse problem research method. The total energy consumption of the unit area wall and the transformation cost are selected as the objective parameters， and the synergic design for type and thickness of the insulation material is made for the existing building wall renovation in Chengdu. The results show that there are 6 of the 8 kinds of insulation materials are not the optimal solutions with the conventional thickness. However， the solutions can approach the Pareto frontier by changing the thickness or unit price of the insulation materials， and a balance can be realized between the minimum annual energy consumption and reconstruction cost. The method proposed offers a new idea for building energy-saving design. The conclusions can provide references for the similar energy-saving renovation in Chengdu. 　　Keywords：synergic design；inverse problem；genetic algorithm；numerical method 　　建筑节能是中国节约能源、保护环境的基本国策。截止到 2012年，中国的建筑总能耗约占全国能源消费总量的19.1%[1]，其中，既有建筑能耗占建筑能耗的95%以上[2]。因此，加强既有建筑节能改造，是降低建筑能耗最有效的途径。目前，常用的建筑节能改造措施有保温、遮阳和自然通风等技术，其中，保温技术由于其显著的节能效果被南北方地区广泛采用[3-6]。因此，正确选择保温材料及其厚度是实现建筑节能改造目标的关键因素。 　　许多学者就此做了大量研究。Yuetal等[7]采用P1-P2经济模型和静态传热模型对夏热冬冷地区5种保温材料：EPS、XPS、发泡聚氨酯、珍珠岩和发泡聚氯乙烯进行了评价，结果显示，EPS由