浅析解答阅读理解主旨要义类题目有效策略.docVIP

浅析解答阅读理解主旨要义类题目有效策略 　　 主旨要义题既测试考生对文章主题及中心意思的把握能力，也考查考生对语篇或段落的归纳概括以及对所选材的整体理解能力。这类设题通常是就材料的主要内容、标题或主题进行设问，可分为主题型、标题型和目的型主旨要义题。请看例子： 　　 例1： Barack Hussein Obama, the 44th president of the United States, who will move into the Oval Office as leader of a country, and his running mate, Sen. Joseph Biden of Delaware, will take their oaths of office as the first African-American president and vice president on Jan. 20, 2009. 　　 Obama has said his first order of presidential business will be to tackle the economy. He has also pledged to withdraw most U.S. combat troops from Iraq within 16 months. 　　 Sen. John McCain on Tuesday urged all Americans to join him in congratulating Sen. Barack Obama on his projected victory in the presidential election.“I pledge to him tonight to do all in my power to help him lead us through the many challenges we face,” McCain said before his supporters in Phoenix, Arizona. McCain’s running mate, Gov. Sarah Palin, was standing with him, but she did not speak. 　　 Question: The passage chiefly discusses__________. 　　 A. America’s election of 2008 　　 B. McCain’s congratulation on Obama’s victory 　　 C. Obama wins election, becoming the first black president 　　 D. McCain’s determination to helpObama through challenges 　　 分析：这篇新闻报道主要讲述了2008年美国总统大选的结果。A选项范围过宽；B选项以偏概全；D选项与材料的主题不相一致。答案为C。 　　 策略：任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义，有时是以主题段或段首的主题句的形式呈现出来，有时主题句也会出现在段尾。例1中，第一段的主要句子结构为：Barack Hussein Obama and Sen. Joseph Biden of Delaware will take their oaths of office as the first African-American president and vice president on Jan. 20, 2009. 下文的发展都是围绕该句展开的，故不难判断出正确答案。 主题句通常简明扼要，有一定的概括性，同时又能体现出段落或语篇的发展方向。 　　 例2： Remember: Stop smoking, drinking or using drugs immediately. All of these actions wreak havoc on your body and stand in the way of your fitness goals. 　　 Keeping an exercise journal will give you motivation and help you track your progress. 　　 Joining a health club, leisure centre or gym will allow you to become a part of a supportive community and exp