氰氨化钙在油菜上施用效果分析.docVIP

氰氨化钙在油菜上施用效果分析 　　摘要：采用育苗移栽和一次性施肥方式开展田间试验，在常规施用复合肥和碳酸氢氨作底肥的基础上，添加不同用量的氰氨化钙（CaCN2），研究其对油菜（Brassica campestris L.）产量的影响和调节土壤pH、控制油菜根肿病的作用。结果表明，CaCN2使土壤pH明显提高，但对油菜根肿病的直接作用效果不明显。CaCN2作油菜底肥施用，肥效在油菜现蕾抽薹时起作用，增产效果极显著，施用300 kg/hm2的CaCN2，油菜产量达2 305.5 kg/hm2，比对照增产71.5%；施用900 kg/hm2的CaCN2，油菜产量达2 976.0 kg/hm2，比对照增产121.4%。但CaCN2投资成本较高，比较油菜种植效益，以300 kg/hm2的CaCN2用量最为经济实用，油菜不计工本效益3 712元/hm2，比对照高1 746元；而施用900 kg/hm2的CaCN2种植效益只有1 194元/hm2，比对照低772元。因此建议油菜生产上CaCN2的使用量以300 kg/hm2为宜，结合种子包衣、苗床消毒等化学措施防治油菜根肿病。 　　关键词：油菜（Brassica campestris L.）；缓释肥；氰氨化钙（CaCN2）；土壤酸碱度；根肿病 　　中图分类号：S565.4；S143 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）17-4444-03 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.17.022 　　Abstract： To investigate the effects of calcium cyan-amide（CaCN2） on yield of rapeseed and soil pH，field experiment was conducted with different amount CaCN2 combined NPK complex-fertilizer in one-time application under transplanting system. The results showed that，the soil pH value was increased when CaCN2 was used，but its effects on clubroot disease were not very clear. As slow release N fertilizer，CaCN2 could promote the growth of rapeseed during later seedling stage and budding stage. The yield outputs of CaCN2 treatment extremely significantly increased compared to no CaCN2 treatment（CK）， and it reached 2 305.5 kg/hm2 when 300 kg/hm2 CaCN2 was used， increased by 71.5% compared with CK； and it increased to 2 976.0 kg/hm2 when 900 kg/hm2 CaCN2 was used，increased by 121.4% compared with CK. But the profit of rapeseed plant didn’t the same，because the cost of CaCN2 was high. The economic benefit in 300 kg/hm2 CaCN2 treatment was 3 712 yuan per hectare，increased 1 746 yuan compared to CK； meanwhile， it decreased to 1 194 yuan/hm2 in 900 kg/hm2 CaCN2 treatment. In summary，300 kg/hm2 CaCN2 could be applied for preventing clubroot disease in rapeseed production，combined with other measure，such as seed coating with germicide in direct sowing system or sterilizing seedbed in transplanting system. 　　Key words： rapeseed（B