nature能在无生命培养基中繁殖的最小微生物.pptVIP

Mycoplasmas 支原体 生物学性状 没有细胞壁的原核细胞型微生物 多形性：球形，双球状，丝状, 特殊结构：荚膜，顶端结构，微丝 细胞膜含固醇 大小，0.2~0.3μm繁殖方式：二分裂繁殖，出芽等 含DNA与RNA 染色方法： Giemsa染色 淡紫色 革兰染色阴性 Mycoplasma and L Form Bacteria 三、支原体与细菌L型的区别 支原体 L型 在遗传上与细菌无关 与原菌相关，常可以回复 细胞膜含高浓度固醇 细胞膜不含固醇 在一般培养基中稳定 大多需高渗培养 生长慢，菌落小， 菌落稍大， 液体培养混浊度极低 液体培养有一定混浊度 培养 营养要求 pH：低于7.0则死亡（溶脲脲原体pH6.0~6.5） 生长缓慢 典型的菌落呈荷包蛋样 “T”株 液体培养基不易见到混浊 细胞培养污染的重要因素 Resistance Sensitive to osmotic pressure渗透压 resistant to thallium acetate醋酸亚铊in a concentration of 1:10000 which can inhibit bacteria 对青霉素等耐药 对干扰蛋白质合成抗生素敏感 Transmission M. pneumoniae is spread ?by close contact via aerosolized droplets and thus is most easily spread in confined populations (e.g., families, schools, army barracks). PATHOGENESIS Adherence factors - The P1 Adhesin localizes at tips of the bacterial cells and binds to sialic acid residues on host epithelial cells.The nature of the adhesins in the other species has not been established. Colonization of the respiratory tract by M. pneumoniae results in the cessation of ciliary movement. Toxic Metabolic Products Immunopathogenesis : most children are infected from 2 - 5 years of age but disease is most common in children 5-15 years of age. M.pneumoniae primary atypical pneumonia. Incubation: 1-3 weeks This disease can range from subclinical to bronchopneumonia, often with a gradual onset and mild to moderate severity. A long convalescence (4-6 weeks) and several possible complications (CNS, cardiac) follow acute disease. 主要致病性支原体 一、肺炎支原体 原发性非典型肺炎primary atypical pneumonia （间质性肺炎） 占非细菌性肺炎的二分之一 飞沫传播，夏末秋初为好发季节 症状较轻，发热、咳嗽、有时有呼吸道外并发症 Clinical Findings U. urealyticum, M.hominis, M.genitalium are responsible for one form of nongonococcal urethritis. M. hominis is associated with pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎, pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔疾病. HOST DEFENSES Host defenses are not well characterized but probably involve both humoral and