电磁场与电磁波第12讲焦耳定律边界条件电阻计算及第5章复习.pptxVIP

1 1. Current Density and Ohm’s Law Review 2 3. Equation of Continuity and Kirchhoff’s Current Law 2. Electromotive Force and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 3 We are now in a position to prove this statement and to calculate the time it takes to reach an equilibrium. where 0 is the initial charge density at t = 0. The time constant t is called the relaxation time(驰豫时间）. 铜，=1.52×10-19S An initial charge density 0 will decay to 1/e or 36.8% of its value in a time equal to 4 For a homogeneous conducting medium We know that a curl-free vector field can be expressed as the gradient of a scalar potential field. Let us write Substitution of this equation into yields a Laplace’s equation in  ; that is 5 Two fields are found to be very similar in source-free region. The electric current density J corresponds to the electric field intensity E, and the electric current lines to the electric field lines. In some cases, since the steady electric current field is easy to be constructed and measured, the electrostatic field can be investigated based on the steady electric current field with the same boundary conditions, and this method is called electrostatic simulation. 6 Capacitance Resistance Based on the equations for two fields, we can find the resistance and conductance between two electrodes as 7 In certain situations, electrostatic and steady-current problems are not exactly analogous, even when the geometrical configurations are the same. This is because current flow can be confined strictly within a conductor (which has a very large  in comparison to that of the surrounding medium), whereas electric flux usually cannot be contained within a dielectric slab of finite dimensions. The range of the dielectric constant of available materials is very limited, and the fluxfringing around conductor edges makes the computation of capacitance less accurate. 8 Main topic 恒定电流 3. 电阻的计算 1. 功率耗散和焦耳定律 2. 电流密度的边界条件 9 1. 功率耗散和焦耳定律 宏观上，导体中的电子受电场的影响，发生漂移运动；在微观上，这些电子与晶格上的原子发生碰撞。因