静止土压力.pptVIP

第六章 土压力 Chapter 6 Earth Pressure ;6.1 Earth retaining structures (挡土结构物) ; Quay wall for container terminal (码头的岸墙) ; Deep excavation – diaphragm wall (深基坑 – 地下连续墙);6.2 Coefficient of Earth Pressure (土压力系数);A;How to evaluate the coefficients of earth pressure? 怎样计算土压力糸数?;Assumptions (假定): - no ground water table (没有地下水) - no movement of wall (墙体没有位移) Lateral earth pressure (土压力) [?′h] acting on the wall is:;Jaky (1944) proposed following empirical expression to estimate Ko for normally consolidated soil (估计正常固结土的Ko的经验公式):;Following assumptions (假定) are made to develop Rankine’s earth pressure theory. Wall is rigid, vertical, frictionless and extends to an infinite depth (墙背竖直和光滑) Backfill is a dry, homogeneous, isotropic and cohesionless soil (填土是无粘性土,干,均质和各向同性) Soil surface is horizontal (水平表面) and there are no shear stresses on horizontal and vertical planes, i.e. horizontal and vertical stresses are principal stresses (水平和竖直方向为主应力方向) ;In figure on the right, red circle represents initial stress state or Ko condition of element A (右图的红圆代表土单元A的初始或静止状态) Wall is moved away from element A to B (墙体从土单元A方向离开) ?′h will reduce but ?′v will remain constant (?′h减少,但 ?′v 不变) Mohr’s circle will expand until touching Coulomb failure surface [represented by blue circle]. This is called active failure. (莫尔圆增大与库伦强度包线相切时为主动破坏,见右图的蓝圆);Major principal plane is horizontal surface (水平面为最大主应力面) Slip planes for active failure are inclined at 45?+?′/2 with respect to horizontal (主动破坏面与水平面的夹角为45?+?′/2) ;?’;Rearranging the equation in the previous slide, following expression for active earth pressure coefficient (主动土压力糸数) [Ka] is obtained:;In figure on the right, red circle represents initial stress state or Ko condition of element B (右图的红圆代表土单元B的初始或静止状态) Wall is is pushed against element B (墙体向土单元B方向挤压) ?′h will increase but ?′v will remain constant (?′h增加,但 ?′v 不变) Mohr’s circle will first contract and then expand until touching Coulomb failure surface [represented by blue circle