穴施不同定植基质对黄瓜生长和产量影响.docVIP

穴施不同定植基质对黄瓜生长和产量影响 　　摘要：以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）为试材，研究施用不同定植基质对黄瓜生长和产量的影响。结果表明，定植基质的容重、通气孔隙、持水孔隙、电导率等理化性质均显著优于对照，施用定植基质缩短了黄瓜幼苗的缓苗期，提高了缓苗率，促进了定植后黄瓜的生长，并且单株前期产量有所提高；其中高浓度营养液浸泡0.8%丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸钾共聚交联物处理对黄瓜生长的促进效果最明显，定植20 d和50 d后，黄瓜的株高、茎粗、叶色指数、地上部鲜重和干重（定植20 d）、根体积（定植50 d）、地下部鲜重和干重均显著高于对照，单株前期产量比对照提高13.2%。表明应用定植基质可以通过增加黄瓜根际的通气性改善根际营养，缩短黄瓜缓苗期，提高缓苗率，促进营养生长和生殖生长，从而提高产量。 　　关键词：黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）；穴施；定植基质；生长；产量 　　中图分类号：S642.2；S604+.7；S359 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）06-1394-05 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.06.029 　　Abstract： Effects of different planting substrate on growth and yield of Cucumis sativus L. were studied. The results showed that the physical and chemical characters of bulk density， aeration porosity， moisture holding capacity and EC value of planting substrate were significantly better than that of CK. Planting substrate shorten the revival time and improved the rate of C. sativus seedlings. The growth of C. sativus plant was promoted and the yield was increased. Treatment with high concentration of nutrient solution of 0.8% Cross-linked poly （acrylamide-co-acrylate） significantly promoted C. sativus growth. After 20 d and 50 d of planting， the stem height and diameter， index of leave， fresh weight and dry weight of supraterraneous part， root volum， fresh weight and dry weight of subterraneous part of C. sativus was significantly higher than that of the control. Compared with control， the early yield increased by 13.2%. The results indicated that the application of planting substrate with good rhizosphere ventilation and nutrition could shorten the revival time， improve the rate of seedlings， promote the vegetative and reproductive growth， increase the yield of C. sativus. 　　Key words： Cucumis sativus L.； spot application； planting substrate； growth； yield 　　随着设施蔬菜的迅速发展，穴盘育苗移栽技术正在大面积推广应用，尤其在设施果菜类育苗移栽方面最为普遍[1]。但是，在移栽过程中，幼苗从穴盘无土栽培的环境转入土壤中生长后，常常由于设施土壤的通气条件差、基肥过多形成的土壤盐渍化和酸化等因素而使缓苗时间延长，且定植成活率不是太高，造成前期营养生长缓慢、后期对蔬菜产量和品质的影响较大等问题常常出现[2]。黄瓜（Cucumis sativus