水处理微生物学(双语)第二章节第2节.pptVIP

Section B Microbial metabolism 1. Electron Transport 1.1 电子传递：There is a electron transport chain. It is used to transport electron. In the electron transport chain, a series of balanced oxidation and reduction reactions drives the movement of electrons through the carrier series from NADH to oxygen. During this process energy is released and ATP is synthesized 1. Electron Transport 1.2 电子传递的五类物质： NADH dehydrogenases.Enzymes that catalyse transfer of hydrogen atoms from reduced NAD to flavoproteins. Flavoproteins.Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The flavins are reduced by accepting a hydrogen atom from NADH and oxidized by losing an electron. Electron carriers, cytochromes.Cytochromes are porphyrin containing proteins each of which can be reduced or oxidized by the loss of a single electron. Iron sulfur proteins.These are carriers of electrons with a range of reduction potentiales. Quinones.These are lipid-soluble carriers that can diffuse through membranes carrying electrons from iron-sulfur proteins to cytochromes. Flavoprotein（黄素蛋白）：黄素蛋白是一种FAD为辐基的蛋白，他的作用是依靠FAD传递氢。 Quinones（醌类）：具有传递氢和电子的作用。 细胞色素（b、c、a）：是一类以铁卟啉衍生物为辐基的蛋白质，传递电子。 1. Electron Transport 1.3 Oxidative phosphorylation : the flow of protons down the electron transport chain couples with the synthesis of ATP, the terminal electron accepter is oxygen, nitrate, sulfate or carbon dioxide. 氧化磷酸化：底物在氧化过程中脱下的氢和电子沿电子传递链转移，最终交给氧，电子在传递过程中伴有ATP的产生。这种ATP的产生方式称为氧化磷酸化。 底物水平的磷酸化：底物在氧化过程中，产生一些高能中间体，这些高能中间体将键能交给ADP，使之磷酸化产生ATP过程。 2.Fatty acid oxidation β-oxidation 2.1 脂肪酸的氧化由四步反应组成： oxidation（氧化） Hydration（水合） oxidation（氧化） thiolysis（硫解） Prestate---the activation of the fatty acid the activation of the fatty acid happened in the cytosol or outside the mitochondria to form Acetyl CoA , then enter into the mitochondria to be oxidized. 2.Fatty acid oxidation β-oxidation 2.2 脂肪酸的完全氧化可以产生大量的能量。例如软脂酸（含16碳）经过7次?-氧化，可以生成8个乙酰CoA，每一次?-氧化，还将生成1分子FADH2和1分子NADH。软脂酸完全氧化的反应式为： 按照一个NADH产生3个A