金属结构中残余应力讨论.PDFVIP

金属结构中残余应力的讨论 李智慧，李皓，汤安民 （西安理工大学土木建筑工程学院工程力学系，710048，西安） 摘要：现有理论利用平衡条件和弹塑性本构关系给出了金属材料弹塑性变形时的应力分布和卸 载后构件中的残余应力场。由物理理论可知，材料变形场的实质为能量场，场中能量大小与分 布应遵循热力学定律。但现有理论给出的结构弹塑性应力场和残余应力场，虽满足着热力学第 一定律对应的平衡条件，但并不满足热力学第二定律对应的熵增原理和最小内能原理。本文通 过分析纯弯梁在弹塑性阶段弹性变形和塑性变形分别对应的细观机理，以热力学第二定律为基 础，重新研究了金属结构弹塑性变形时的应力分布规律以及完全卸载后的残余应力问题。 关键词：弹塑性变形；热力学第二定律；残余应力；应力场 Discussions on the residual stress in metal structures Li Zhihui Li Hao Tang Anmin （Department of Engineering mechanics, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048，China ） Abstract: The stress distribution in the process of elastic-plastic deformation of metal materials and the residual stress field after unloading had been obtained by applying equilibrium conditions and elastoplastic constitutive relation in current theories. The physical theories had shown that the nature of deformation field was an energy field, and the amount and distribution of strain energy field should follow the first and the second law of thermodynamics respectively. However, it is found that the elastic-plastic stress field and the residual stress field given by current theories follow equilibrium conditions corresponding to first law of thermodynamics, but fail to follow the principle of entropy increase and the principle of minimum internal energy corresponding to second law of thermodynamics, which may further denies the actual existence of these stress fields. In this paper, based on the second law of thermodynamics, the stress distribution in the process of elastic-plastic deformation and the residual stress field of metal materials after unloading are investigated again by analyzing mesomechanisms corresponding to elastic deformation and plastic deformation respectively. Keywords