第四章、合理使用目和转化性概念.PDFVIP

第四章、合理使用目的與轉化性概念 引言—關於合理使用 轉化性利用概念成為美國著作權法合理使用的判斷標準，起因於美國在 1976 年的著作權法裡，明確將合理使用(fair use)制度設計法典化、條文化於著作權法 第 107 條： § 107. Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use265 Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, 治 comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), 政 大 scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining 立 whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include — 學 (1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a 國 commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; (2) the nature of the copyrighted work; ‧ ‧ (3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the N copyrighted work as a whole; and y a t (4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the t i i s copyrighted work. o r n e The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if