东汉后期士人价值取向与政治秩序探析-中国史专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 东汉后期女主临朝，外戚和宦官轮流擅政、交相秉权，使得朝纲紊乱，制度 失缺，政治秩序被严重破坏。在这一种政治乱局之下，士人根据自己的价值观作 出了不同的行为抉择。或坚持道统，与导致朝纲紊乱的外戚和宦官进行激烈抗争， 以图肃清朝政；或委曲求全，先依靠外戚进入仕途，然后在其职权范围内治国安 民，以维持朝廷的政治秩序。也有一部分士人为了功名利禄而选择曲学阿世，依 附于外戚和宦官，唯其马首是瞻。还有一部分士人既不同流合污，也不以身殉道， 而是退隐山林，远离官场，明哲保身。 士人的不同价值取向对东汉后期的政治秩序产生过不同的影响。但由于坚持 前两种选择的士人占很大比例，他们或在中央，或在地方竭力维持东汉的统治秩 序。故而东汉王朝在宦戚轮流擅政的乱序下，仍能维持统一的政局，保持“倾而 未颠，决而未溃”的局势百余年。 关键词：东汉后期 士人 价值取向 政治秩序 Abstract The queen charged the state, consorts and the eunuchs went against each other in The last Eastern Han Dynasty .It lead to political order became inordinate，and some systems were lacked .But scholar-officials made different decisions according to their own values. Some insisted Confucian orthodoxy, In order to eliminated the pernicious influence, they resisted vehemently consorts and the eunuchs who lead to political order became inordinate; Some compromised, they entered their official career by depending on consorts and the eunuchs. Some depended on consorts and the eunuchs, followed them for high official positions and riches. Some neither connived consorts and the eunuchs nor devoted to truth, they retreated and stayed from officialdom to played them safe. Scholar-officials’ different value-oriented selection affected the political order. According to more scholar-officials selected the former kinds, they maintained energetically political order of the last Eastern Han Dynasty. So the Eastern Han Dynasty could maintain its regulation for one hundred years. Key words: the last of the Eastern Han； scholar-officials；value-oriented select； political order 目 录 摘 要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 第一章 绪论…………………………………………………………………………1 （一）选题缘由和研究意义………………………………………………………1 （二）相关概念的界定……………………………………………………………2 （三）相关研究回顾………………………………………………………………3 （四）研究思路和研究方法………………………………………………………7 第二章 东汉后期的政治生态………………………………………………………9 （一）幼主辈出，母后临朝………………………………………………………9 （二）宦戚擅政，交相秉权………………………………………………………10 （三）朝纲紊乱，制度失缺………………………………………………………12 1. 选官制度失缺………………………………………………