我国农民工权益法律的保护法理探析wvQbqqTk.docVIP

摘  要 随着改革开放和中国市场化、现代化、城市化进程的加快,我国城乡对 立的二元社会结构开始发生改变,各种禁止农村人口流入城市的政策“壁 垒”慢慢松动,农民不断走出土地，进入城市务工，实现了自身职业的转换。 然而，长期以来，由于受到传统文化以及制度安排等因素的影响，在 我国 ,“农民”一语更多象征了一种身份和地位，而不再仅仅体现为一种职 业的差别。即使农村人口进入城市从事了新的职业，仍很难改变原有的“农 民”身份，从而出现了这样一个不太被现行制度认可的、不同于农民与工 人的特殊群体——“农民工”。 作为处于农民与产业工人之间的过渡性群体，“农民工”产生于中国的 社会转型与制度变迁时期——中国由传统农村社会向现代工业社会和城市 社会转型，中国计划经济体制向市场经济体制变迁——的特殊“产物”。由 于我国“城乡二元”体制下不合理的“制度安排”与“身份建构”，以及农 民工受损权益“救济不能”等原因的存在，“农民工”常常无法切实充分地 享有其应有的合法权益，并由此陷入到权益受损严重的现实困境之中。 本文通过现实生活中几个有关农民工权益问题的真实案例引出全文的 主题，通过数据分析与事实描述来展现农民工权益受损的现实情况，并从 制度设计、身份建构以及受损权益的救济三个方面来分析农民工权益困境 的根源所在。在此基础上，笔者提出平等保护、优先保护以及公力救济与 私力救济相结合等三项原则作为保护农民工权益的法理依据。最后，本文 从现实的角度提出了三条关于农民工权益法律保护的可行途径。 关键词：农民工；权益；法律保护；救济 I ABSTRACT By the reform and open policy, the processes of Chinese market economy, modernization and urbanization become faster. At the same time, the antithesis between town and country dual society structure begin to change. Then, all kinds of the policies that forbidden the people flow into the cities become looser. As the result, the peasants went on to walk from the fields to the cities, and they change their certification by the free job choosing, like to be a worker. However, By the influences of the traditional cultures and institutional arrangements, the peasant in the Chinese words symbolizes a kind of status and certification more for a long time, but not only the differences of jobs, Even the peasants came into the cities and find their new status certifications, it’s still very hard for them to change their peasant certification.Thus, there’re the “peasant laborer” came into being, which was a special community between peasants and workers, and been not really accepted by the current institutions. As the transitional community between the peasants and industrial workers, the peasant laborers were given birth at the period of social transformations in China, which is a special product from the traditional peasants’ society to the modern industrial megalopolis society, and from the plan economy system t