内蒙古达赉湖保护区狼和牧民冲突研究.docVIP

内蒙古达赉湖保护区狼和牧民冲突研究 　　摘要近年来,狼袭击家畜时有发生,给牧民造成巨大经济损失,狼与牧民冲突日益加剧。2009年4―5月在内蒙古达赉湖保护区通过走访调查开展了狼与牧民冲突的系统研究。结果表明:6年来内蒙古达赉湖保护区牧民和家畜的数量波动较大,狼的数量一直维持在低水平;狼捕食家畜最严重的时期是每年的冬季,以清晨和黄昏最为频繁。狼捕食大型家畜一般都发生在隐蔽条件较好的苇塘边(90%),捕食其他家畜多发生在居民点(70%);相关部门未对牧民的损失进行补偿,90%以上的牧民都认为狼是有害动物,其中65%以上的牧民认为狼带来的损失巨大,应进行有计划的捕杀。为了降低狼与牧民的冲突,应改变当前的放牧方式,加强对家畜看护和建立相应的补偿机制等。 　　关键词狼;牧民;家畜;冲突;;达赉湖保护区;内蒙古呼伦贝尔 　　中图分类号 Q959.838;S812.6 文献标识码A文章编号 1007-5739(2010)17-0322-02 　　 　　ResearchontheConflictsbetween WolfandHerdsmaninDalaiLakeNatural Reserve ofInner Mongolia 　　JU HongZHANG Yun-bingLIU Bing-wan* 　　(College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150040) 　　AbstractIn recent years,the wolf(Canis lupus)attacking on livestock occurs frequently. The conflicts between wolf and herdsman are increasing.From April to May in 2009,the research on the conflicts between wolves and herdsman was carried out using the methods of interview and questionnaire in Dalai Lake Natural Reserve. The results showed that in the past 6 years,the number of herdman and livestock exhibited a great fluctuation and the number of wolves were maintaining at a low level. Wolf predation and livestock losses mainly occured at dawn and at dusk at the edge of reed pond with better shelter condition for the large livestock(90%) and near the settlement for the other livestock(70%). The relative department had not compensated for the loss of herdsman and 90% of the herdsman believed that the wolf was the harmful animal,65% of herdsman considered that the wolf caused the huge losses and should be programmed to hunt.In order to reduce the conflicts,it’s suggested that grazing system should be changed and the care of livestock improved and the compensation system established. 　　Key wordswolf;herdsman;livestock;conflicts;Dalai Lake Natured Reserve;Hulun Buir Inner Mongolia 　　 　　人与野生动物冲突已经成为人们日益关注的问题[1]。近10多年人与野生动物冲突有持续上升的趋势[2-3]。目前,导致人与野生动物冲突比较典型的物种包括野生非洲象(Loxodonta africana)和野生亚洲象(Elephas maximus)和绝大多数食肉动物等[4-6]。面对越来越严