短跑运动员赛时心理状态核心要素量表研制和应用.docVIP

短跑运动员赛时心理状态核心要素量表研制和应用 　　摘 要:通过文献资料、问卷调查与数理分析等方法,依托赛时行为空 间理论对我国健将 级短跑运动员进行了赛时心理状态核心要素进行调查分析,并运用SPSS13.0对所测数据进行 验证,结果表明:健将级短跑运动员的赛时心理状态核心要素由3维度12个题项构成,其三 个维度分别为:技术动作与参赛预期确认度、心理及精神状态确认度和客观条件影响度。另 通过结构模型的检验,发现心理及精神状态确认度对提高健将级短跑运动员的运动等级影响 因子最大,并推断出某些女性短跑运动员的性格特征会影响赛时行为空间心理状态模型的负 增长,从而导致她们运动成绩的起伏波动。 　　关键词:赛时行为空间理论;赛时心理状态;结构模型;健将级;短跑运动 员 　　中图分类号:G804.47文献标识码:A文章编 号:1007-3612(2010)10-0065-05 　　 　　Development and Application of the Measuring Scale of Cor e Element of Psychological Condition for Sprinters 　　LIANG Jian-ping,ZENG Li,TIAN Feng-sheng 　　(Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China) 　　Abstract: This article discusses the core element of the psychological state of sprintersat the national master level during competition based on the action-space theor y with the method of documentation, comparative analysis, and questionnaire surv ey and so on And the tested data of the master sprinters is analyzed through S PSS13.0.The result shows that the core elements of psychological state of mast er sprinters during play are made of twelve subjects in three dimensions whi ch are the cognitive strength of competitive state, the affirmation strength ofself psychological state and influencing strength of objective condition And t he affirmation strength of self psychological state is found to be the most infl uential factor to improve the ranking of master sprinters Also, through the te st of the structural model, some women sprinter’s characters can trigger the ne gative growth of structural model of psychological state during play and then ca use the fluctuation of their performance. 　　Key words: action space theory during play; psychological state duringplay; structural model; master grade; sprinter 　　 　　本研究认为,高水平竞赛中运动员竞技能力释放的效益会受到赛时心理状态的影响,而 运动成绩的好坏在很大程度上取决于赛时心理状态的好坏[1],如“克拉克现象” [2]、“黑马现象”等。针对这一问题梁建平等人通过构建“赛时行为空间理论” [3]对运动员参赛时 竞技能力储备释放的不稳定性进行了理论探讨,发现赛时过程的心理适应性与运动成绩的变 化有着很大的相关性。其主要原因是,竞技能力中体能、技术、战术和智能等4种能力是运 动员在竞技能力储备阶段可以得到训练强度刺激的[4],相比之下在心理适应性上 存在着训 练强度与竞赛强度的差异