Ad Hoc网络MAC协议公平性的研究.docVIP

Ad Hoc网络MAC协议公平性的研究 　　摘要：对IEEE802.11分布式协调功能(Distributed coordination function,DCF)的公平性进行了分析,指出了采用DCF方式进行接入控制时,因二进制指数退避算法的不合理而导致信道分配不公的问题。在结合二维马尔科夫链模型对系统进行分析的基础上,提出了一种基于检测网络负载的自适应退避算法LDBSB(Load detection based self-adapt backoff)。理论分析及仿真实验表明,所提算法在网络吞吐量、时延和公平性等方面较二进制指数退避算法有明显的改善。?? 　　 　　关键词：Ad Hoc网络;分布式协调功能;退避算法;公平性 　　中图分类号：TP393.17 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-2615(2010)06-０769-05 　　 　　Fairness of MAC Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks 　　 　　Ni Xiaojun, Wang Yuanyuan, Zhang Yun, Chen Chunling 　　??(School of Computer Science Technology, Nanjing University of Posts ＆ Telecom?? 　　munications, Nanjing, 210003, China) 　　?お? 　　Abstract: The fairness of distributed coordination function (DCF) in IEEE802.11 is analyzed. It is pointed out that weaknesses of channel allocation unfairness when using DCF access control scheme due to its inherent nature of binary exponentially backoff algorithm. To address this problem, a self-adapt backoff algorithm, called the LDBSB (load detection based self-adapt backoff), is presented based on two-dimensional Markov chain model. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the algorithm improves performances on through-put, delay and fairness compared with the binary exponentially backoff algorithm.?? 　　Key words: Ad Hoc networks; distributed coordination function (DCF); backoff algorithm; fairness 　　 　　 　　IEEE802.11协议中主要的MAC层访问控制技术被称为分布协调功能(Distributed coordination function,DCF)［1］。DCF采用了载波侦听多点接入碰撞避免CSMA／CA(Carrier sense multiple access with collison avoidance)策略,在冲突避免中采用了基于时隙的二进制指数退避策略BEB(Binary exponential backoff)。研究发现,在网络拥塞情况下,采用DCF的网络中,节点在信道争用过程中存在着严重的分配不公问题,部分节点会出现“饿死”现象。文献［2,3］针对网络拥塞环境,提出了减缓竞争窗口变化速度的算法,减轻了因竞争窗口变化过快造成的不公平现象。但这类算法在网络负载较轻的情况下,由于竞争窗口变化过缓,增加了网络的时延,减少了吞吐量。文献［4］通过对碰撞概率的分析,提出了根据上次发送是否发生碰撞来动态调整竞争窗口的退避算法,可有效改进DCF时隙选择概率的不均匀性,降低包碰撞概率。文献［5］通过预测网络节点数,采用动态调整竞争窗口最小值的方法,使新算法能较好地适应网络的负载变化。?? 　　本文在文献［6］采用的基于二维离散时间马尔科夫链模型分析802.11 DCF饱和吞吐量的基础上,针对BEB退避算法可能导致的信道争用时分配不公的问题,提出了一种基于网络负载检测的自适应退避算法LDBSB(Load detection based self-adapt