上下文逻辑的关系分析法攻克考研英语完型题.docVIP

上下文逻辑的关系分析法攻克考研英语完型题 　　考研英语中的完型填空（2001年起更名为英语知识运用，为方便起见，以下仍沿用旧称）实际上并不像很多考生想象的那样难――2001年的完型填空是自1994年以来题型发生较大变化的第一年，难免剑走偏锋，难度偏大不足为奇。该套完型试题对于法律常识和相关背景知识的过高要求使得很多考生萌生了在备考中乃至考场上放弃完型填空的想法，其实大可不必。在2002年、2003年连续两年的调整后，考研完型填空的命题路数已逐渐步入正轨，2004年和2005年的两套最新题就很好地体现了这一趋势。本文的目的就是通过对这两套题的点评和分析，帮助同学们掌握在短期内提高完型填空正确率的不二法门――上下文逻辑关系分析法。 　　完型填空中的20个空格并非孤立存在，作为标准化考试，命题者必须通过上下文体现出的某种线索来保证空格所填答案的惟一性，而这种线索又可大致分为三类：一、文章的中心思想；二、上下句间的逻辑关系；三、空格所在句对正确答案词义和用法搭配的要求。如在解题时只利用第三类线索，则只见树木，不见森林，当然难以斩获高分。事实上前两类线索也可以帮助我们解出为数不少的题目！ 　　 　　2004年完型填空真题评析 　　 　　先分析2004年完型填空真题：（下文为讨论方便，笔者用“正关系”表示同义或近义关系，用“反关系”表示反义关系） 　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (24) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (25) as a rejection of middle-class values. 　　 　　Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,(26) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) to criticism. 　　 　　Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) lead more youths into criminal behavior. 　　 　　Families have also (33) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (34), children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) was common in the