（毕业学术论文设计）-以氢氟酸法制备的氢氧化铌作为磷酸根的吸附剂研究.doc

PAGE 辽宁石油化工大学毕业设计（论文）用纸 摘 要 磷是动物和植物生长所必要的元素，但随着工农业的迅猛发展，每年均有数以万吨的含磷废水排入水体，造成江河、湖泊等富营养化日益严重。因此，水中磷酸根的去除就显得尤为重要。 以氢氟酸法制备的氢氧化铌作为磷酸根的吸附剂，设计一系列的实验来研究氢氧化铌对磷酸盐吸附的最佳条件，考察了初始浓度、温度、pH值、共存离子、氢氧化铌用量及焙烧温度等因素对氢氧化铌吸附磷酸盐效果的影响。研究结果表明：在温度为25 ℃，磷酸根初始浓度为50 mg·L-1、体积为200 mL的条件下，确定吸附剂的最佳用量为0.1 g，此时氢氧化铌原样对磷酸根的最大吸附量为43.31 mg·g-1。将得到的数据进行处理，得出了氢氧化铌吸附前后变化规律及其吸附特征曲线。通过与其它吸附剂进行对比，发现氢氧化铌具有“快速平衡，吸附量较大，解吸能力强”的特点。 在最佳的反应条件下，将氢氧化铌吸附剂应用于废水中磷酸盐的去除，能很好的提高反应效率，降低成本。因此氢氧化铌对水中磷酸根的去除具有很大的应用价值。 关键词：氢氧化铌，除磷，吸附，解吸 Abstract Phosphorus is essential element for the growth of animals and plants. But with the rapid development of industry and agriculture, each year thousands of tons of phosphorus-containing wastewater are discharged into the surface water system, causing increasingly serious eutrophication to rivers and lakes. Using niobium hydroxide prepared by hydrofluoric acid method as the adsorbent of phosphate, we design a series of experiments to study the absorption of phosphate to niobium hydroxide on the best conditions and investigate factors such as the initial concentration, temperature, pH value, coexisting ions, niobium hydroxide content and the calcination temperature on the effect of adsorption of phosphate to niobium hydroxide. The results show that: the optimum dosage of adsorbent is determined to be 0.1 g when the initial concentration of phosphate is 50 mg·L-1 and the volume of solution is 200 mL at 25 ℃, meanwhile, the largest adsorption capacity of phosphate by the original niobium hydroxide is 43.31 mg·g-1. Processing the data obtained, we find its changes before and after adsorption and adsorption characteristic curves. By comparison with other adsorbents we find niobium hydroxide with rapid equilibrium, large adsorption, strong desorption capability features. In the optimal reaction conditions, the adsorbent of niobium hydroxide on phosphate removal in wastewater can greatly improve the reaction efficiency and reduce costs. Therefore, using niobium hydroxide to remove phosphate in w