住院精神病患者家属感知病耻感及其的影响因素的研究.docVIP

住院精神病患者家属感知病耻感及其的影响因素的研究 　　【摘要】目的探讨住院精神病患者家属感知病耻感的水平及其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样的方法对253名住院精神病患者家属进行问卷调查。结果所有住院精神病患者家属感知的病耻感评分为（2.33±0.38）分，属于轻度水平，其抵抗因子（2.51±0.36）分为中度水平，其他四个因子均为轻度水平；直接照顾者感知病耻感水平评分为（236±0.37）分，明显高于非直接照顾者的（2.21±0.42）分（P0.05），两者间的疏远因子和社会退缩因子差异有统计学意义（P0.01）；家属感知病耻感与年龄呈正相关，与文化程度、有无他人一起照顾患者呈负相关。结论住院精神病患者家属感知病耻感的水平较高，医护人员应积极探索降低家属病耻感的措施，提高其心理健康水平，为患者的康复提供良好的家庭氛围。 　　【关键词】精神病；家属；感知病耻感；影响因素 　　中图分类号：R248.9 文献标识码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn2015.04.024 　　【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate levels of perceived stigma among family members of hospitalized psychotics and its influencing factors.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among 253 family members of hospitalized psychotics by convenience sampling method.Results Score of perceived stigma of all family members of hospitalized psychotics was （2.33±0.38），this level was low.While their scores of resistance factor （2.51±0.36） was in moderate level，scores of other 4 factors were in low levels.Scores of perceived stigma of principal caregivers was （2.36±0.37），which was significantly higher than that （2.21±0.42） of the indirect caregivers （P0.05），and the differences of alienation factors and social withdrawal factors were statistically significant between the two kinds of caregivers （P0.01）.Perceived stigma of family members had positive correlation with their ages but had negative correlation with their degrees of education or whether there were other caregivers taking care of the patients together.ConclusionThe level of perceived stigma among family members of hospitalized psychotics is high，medical staffs should explore effective measures to reduce it，improve mental health of family members of hospitalized psychotics，so as to provide a good family atmosphere for patient’s recovery. 　　【Key words】psychosis；family members；perceived stigma；influencing factors 　　精神病患者阳性症状和冲动行为及行为的不可预测性，使人们普遍认为精神病患者具有危险性和暴力倾向，并对其产生贬低、歧视等消极认知和态度，这不仅使精神病患者，还使其家属被迫承受歧视和耻辱，产生连带病耻感。病耻感分为“感知的病耻感”和“实际的病耻感”，前者指妨碍精神病患者及其相关人员谈论亲身经历、寻求帮助的羞耻感和对歧视