可可种质抗黑果病离体鉴定的方法的研究.docVIP

可可种质抗黑果病离体鉴定的方法的研究 　　摘 要 利用可可离体叶片和离体果实鉴定可可种质对黑果病抗性的方法。结果表明：接种方法、接种物浓度、叶龄或果龄等因素影响离体叶片、果实黑果病发生程度；离体叶片接种鉴定方法最适条件是采用针刺法接种、接种物浓度3 × 107 个/mL、叶龄50～60 d；离体果实接种鉴定方法最适条件为采用滴接法、接种物浓度为3×105 个/mL、果龄2～3个月。采用离体叶片接种和离体果实接种方法均能鉴定出可可种质对黑果病抗性的差异，鉴定结果与田间成株期的抗病性表现基本一致。 　　关键词 可可 ；黑果病 ；离体抗病性鉴定 　　中图分类号 S435.71 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.03.011 　　In vitro Identification of Cacao Germplasm with Black Pod Resistance 　　SANG Liwei GAO Shengfeng LIU Aiqin 　　MENG Qianqian SUN Shiwei WANG Zheng GOU Yafeng 　　（Spice and Beverage Crops Research Institute， CATAS， Wanning， Hainan 571533） 　　Abstract The detached leaves and pods of cacao were used as materials to identify resistance of black pod disease in vitro from cacao germplasm resources. The results showed that the infection severity of black pod disease in the leaves and pods were influenced by the factors like inoculating methods， inoculum concentrations， and leaf and pod age. The optimum conditions for disease resistance identification through detached leaf inoculation were puncture inoculation， inoculum concentration 3×107 units/mL and leaf age 50～60 days. The optimum conditions for disease resistance identification through detached pod inoculation were dripping inoculation， inoculum concentration 3×105 units/mL and pod age 2～3 months. The difference of cacao germplasm in resistance to black pod disease were identified by both the detached leaf and pod inoculations， and the identification results were basically consistent with the field performance of the mature cacao in resistance to black pod disease. 　　Keywords Cacao ； black pod disease ； In vitro identification of disease resistance 　　可可（Theobroma cacao L.）是世界三大?料之一，用于制作巧克力和高级饮料等，经济价值极高。据不完全统计，2015年，中国可可豆需求量约16万t，几乎全部依赖进口。海南省东南部适宜可可种植[1]，目前，中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所（简称“香饮所”）已在海南省万宁、琼海、保亭、陵水、三亚、东方等市县推广种植可可66.7 hm2。黑果病是为害可可的首要病害，广泛分布于世界各可可种植区，导致每年全世界可可产量减少约30%，部分为害严重地区减产达90%[2]，选育和推广抗病品种是防控该病的有效措施。香饮所可可种质圃已收集可可种质资源90份，经田间自然发病鉴定，不同可可种质间对黑果病抗性存在差异。国外有关于采用离体叶片接种[3]和离体果实接种[4]方法