第6章-Machine-Element.ppt

mesh with 与……啮合 positive-motion drive 强制转动 speed ratio 速比 parallel to 平行于 helical gear 斜齿轮 herringbone gear 人字齿轮 bevel gear 伞齿轮 worm gear 蜗轮 at right angles to 与……成直角 vice versa 反之亦然 hobbing 滚铣，滚齿 hobbing machine 滚齿机 Unit 6 TEXT READING MATERIAL Unit 6 TEXT Machine Elements However simple, any machine is a combination of individual components generally referred to as machine elements or parts. Thus, if a machine is completely dismantled, a collection of simple parts remains such as nuts, bolts, springs, gears, cams and shafts—the building blocks of all machinery. A machine element is, therefore, a single unit designed to perform a specific function and capable of combining with other elements. Sometimes certain elements are associated in pairs, such as nuts and bolts or keys and shafts. In other instances, a group of elements is combined to form a subassembly, such as bearings, couplings, and clutches. The most common example of a machine element is a gear, which, fundamentally, is a combination of the wheel and the lever to form a toothed wheel. The rotation of this gear on a hub or shaft drives other gears that may rotate faster or slower, depending upon the number of teeth on the basic wheels. Fig. 6-1 Nut and bolt Fig. 6-2 Spring Fig. 6-3 Shaft and bearing Fig.6-4 Clutch Other fundamental machine elements have evolved from wheel and lever. A wheel must have a shaft on which it may rotate. The wheel is fastened to the shafts with couplings. The shaft must rest in bearings, may be turned by a pulley with