北京市中小学生近视状况及其的影响因素分析.docVIP

北京市中小学生近视状况及其的影响因素分析 　　【摘要】 目的 了解北京市中小学生近视的患病率及其影响因素,为有效防治近视提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,对北京市15 316名中小学生进行问卷调查和验光检测。结果 北京市中小学生近视率为53.8%,城区与郊区学生差异无统计学意义(P=0.28),重点与非重点学校、男生与女生之间差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.01)。近视与年龄、视近距离、视近持续时间、父亲学历以及家族史密切相关。看书、看电视距离适当是视力保护因素。结论 中小学生近视是严重的公共卫生问题,应把有近视家族史的学生作为防近工作的重点。良好用眼习惯是视力的保护因素。 　　【关键词】 近视;患病率;因素分析,统计学;学生 　　【中图分类号】 R 770.421 R 195.1 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000-9817(2010)07-0818-03 　　 　　Prevalence of Myopia and the Impact Factors Among Students in Beijing/SONG Hui-ping*, LIU Ying- ying, SONG Yu-zhen, et al.* School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing (100069), China 　　【Abstract】 Objective To explore prevalence and the impact factors for myopia, and to provide evidence for effective prevention and control. Methods Using the stratified random sampling method, questionnaires and diopter check were done for 15 316 students from nine districts in Beijing. Results The prevalence of myopia was 53.8%. There was no statistical significant difference between urban and rural(P=0.28), but statistical significant difference between male and female or key schools and not key schools. There was a significant correlation between myopia and ages, near work distance and continuing learning time, fathers education level and family history. The proper distances between eyes and books or TV sets were protective factors. Conclusion Students myopia remains a serious public health problem. The students of myopic family history should be taken as focus of prevention. Developing good habits is critical for the prevention of myopia. 　　【Key words】 Myopia; Prevalence; Factor analysis, statistical; Students 　　 　　近年来,近视和肥胖日益成为危害我国青少年健康最突出的问题,受到社会各界的广泛关注[1]。近视因其在中小学生中的高患病率,成为损害青少年视力的主要眼病,并被世界卫生组织列为“视觉2020”行动中要求改善消除的5类眼病之一[2]。为了解北京市青少年的近视患病情况,探索近视产生的影响因素,首都医科大学公共卫生与家庭医学学院联合北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所于2007年5月对北京市15 316名中小学生展开问卷调查,并进行计算机验光视力检测。 　　 　　1 对象与方法 　　 　　1.1 对象 采用分层整群抽样的方法确定调查样本,抽取北京市9个城郊区县,其中4个城区,5个郊区。在抽到的区、县中抽取小学、初中和高中学校各1所,每一个抽取到的学校按年级比例再进行抽样,共