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- 2018-10-15 发布于福建
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宜昌引种观赏牡丹生物学特性的研究
宜昌引种观赏牡丹生物学特性的研究
摘 要: 为研究中原观赏牡丹南移引种适应性,从山东菏泽引进42个观赏牡丹品种到湖北宜昌大田垄栽,生物学特性调查结果表明:引进的观赏牡丹品种在宜昌能正常开花,并保持品种开花物候习性;花期在3月下旬至4月中旬,单花花期多集中在6~10 d,群体花期15~20 d;品种间成枝率、成花率差异显著,综合分析墨润绝伦、如花似玉、白雪公主、月宫烛光、乌金耀辉、百园红霞等品种萌芽成枝能力强,开花情况较好,具备较高观赏价值。
关键词: 观赏牡丹;引种;花期;成枝率;成花率;宜昌市
中图分类号:S682 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-3020(2018)01-0018-04
Comparative Study on Biological Characteristics of Ornamental Peony Introduced to Yichang
Peng Gangzhi Li Wei Gao Benwang Song Zhengjiang Zhang Hailing
(Management Office of Three Gorges Botanical Garden Yichang 443111)
Abstract: In order to study the adaptation of ornamental peony in Central Plains introduced to South China, 42 species of ornamental peony were introduced from Heze to Yichang for field ridge planting. The survey results of their biological characteristics showed that: all the 42 varieties of introduced ornamental peony bloomed normally in Yichang, and kept blooming phenological habits of each variety. The flowering period lasted from late March to mid-April on a whole, and the average flowering period for single variety was 6~10 d, while that for group variety was 15~20 d. There were significant differences both on branching rate and flowering rate of different ornamental peony varieties. Morunjuelun and other 5 varieties appeared strong budding ability and better flowering performance, owning higher ornamental value.
Key words: ornamental peony;introduction;flowering period;branching rate;flowering rate;Yichang
牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)?槊?茛科芍药属落叶亚灌木,是中国特产的传统名花,享有“国色天香”、“花中之王”的美誉,深受人们喜爱 [1] 。在长期自然选择实践中形成了中原牡丹、江南牡丹、西北牡丹(即紫斑牡丹)和西南牡丹4个主要的品种群[2]。其中,中原牡丹品种群有800余个品种,是目前栽培应用最广泛的品种群[3]。品种的习性是其遗传特性和环境的统一,南方高温、高湿是牡丹南移的最大障碍,李宗艳等对云南武定县引种观赏牡丹的适应性进行了研究[4-5],对于夏季高温、高湿,冬季无严寒的江汉平原地区还没有有关观赏牡丹引种栽培的系统研究报道。为探讨观赏牡丹引种的表现,引进中原牡丹品种42个至湖北宜昌进行栽培,调查品种的物候期、花期、成枝率、成花率等指标,为筛选出适合湖北宜昌栽培的优良观赏牡丹品种提供依据。
1 试验地概况
试验地位于湖北省宜昌市三峡植物园内,土壤类型主要为黄棕壤,坡度5度左右。该区域属于亚热带季风气候区,四季分明、雨热同季、降水丰沛、光照充足、无霜期长。因受三峡暖谷气候区和市内长江水体的影响,形成独特的小气候。年均降雨量1 0787 mm,主要集中在4~10月;年均气温165 ℃,无霜期2724
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