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- 2018-10-16 发布于福建
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慈善法视野下慈善募捐主体分类治理的研究
慈善法视野下慈善募捐主体分类治理的研究
摘 要:慈善法主要调整捐赠人对社会弱势群体救助过程中所产生的法律关系。长期以来,“谁”具有慈善募捐资格一直是困扰慈善法学者的一道难题。将来我国制定慈善法时应将慈善募捐主体分类治理。将慈善组织划分为公募慈善组织与非公募慈善组织。慈善法应授权公募慈善组织自登记之日起取得慈善募捐资格。非公募慈善组织可以与公募慈善组织合作共同开展募捐活动。此外,为促进慈善事业的专业化发展,我国应借鉴国外立法,在慈善法中建立慈善募捐专业人士管理制度。募捐商业合作伙伴、职业劝募人、慈善募捐顾问在具备法定条件时可以参与慈善募捐。
关键词:慈善组织;募捐商业合作伙伴;职业劝募人;慈善募捐顾问
中图分类号: D922.182.3文献标志码: A 文章编号:1672-0539(2016)03-0023-06
Abstract:Charity law mainly adjusts the legal relationship generated in the process of donator’s social assistance to the vulnerable groups. For a long time,“who” having the charity fundraising qualification has been a problem for the charity law scholars. In the future, drawing up charity law, we should classify and govern, participants of charity fundraising. Charitable organizations should be divided into public offering charitable organizations and private charitable organizations . The public offering charitable organizations obtain fundraising qualification since the date of registration, and non-public offering charitable organization can carry out fundraising activities jointly with the public offering charitable organizations. Besides, in order to promote the professional development of charity organizations, we should perfect the system of the charity fundraising experts. Fundraising business partners, professional solicitors, and charity fundraising consultant can participate in charity fundraising if they satisfy statutory conditions.
Key words: charitable organizations; fundraising business partners; professional solicitors; charity fundraising consultant
慈善乃仁慈、善良、富有同情心之意,是富有爱心之人对受难者的救助行为。慈善法属于社会法学范畴,近年来成为法学研究的新兴领域,主要调整捐赠人对社会弱势群体救助过程中所产生的法律关系。至今我国尚无一部统一的慈善法,对慈善募捐及慈善捐赠的调整主要依靠《公益事业捐赠法》及效力层级较低的地方性法规、规章。长期以来关于“谁”具有公开募捐资格的问题界定不明确,导致现有的慈善组织绝大部分面临一系列的困难,尤其是资金短缺,有的慈善组织甚至连日常运转都存在问题。反之,由于立法的缺失,一些不法商业主体假借“慈善”“公益”之名行牟利之实,阻碍了慈善事业的发展。纵观国内外相关慈善立法,为引导和促进民间慈善组织发展,增强慈善的影响力与覆盖面,本文试图构建未来我国慈善法中慈善募捐主体体系,并逐一分类进行研究。
一、慈善组织
社会组织和个人通过合法慈善组织,以自愿捐献方式汇聚货币、物资和劳务资源,再通过合法途径帮助无力自行摆脱危难的人士,是现代慈善活动的基础[1]。慈善组织属
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