柴油机起动过程试验与仿真研究-动力机械与工程专业论文.docxVIP

上海交通大学硕士学位论文AB 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT 越大燃烧首循环出现的越早，缩短起动时间。但是燃烧首循环出现以后， 过大的 EGR 量导致缸内燃烧性能恶化造成的失火循环大大增多，整体燃 烧性能恶化。通过控制 EGR 实现燃烧首循环前后不同的 EGR 率，明显 改善了起动过程的燃烧性能与排放性能。 除了进行试验研究，还对冷机状态起动首循环的缸内燃烧过程进行 了计算分析。建立了一维 GT-POWER 计算模型和 STAR-CD 三维模型对 发动机的结构参数与运行参数进行确认；进行喷油器标定试验，分析处 理得出喷油器的喷油特性文件，为模拟缸内的喷油雾化和燃烧提供准确 的燃油喷射规律；利用 ES-ICE 划分了动网格并对网格在各曲轴转角下进 行了检查；在 STAR-CD 前处理软件中设置了调用的各个子模型，并进行 校核计算。对缸内工作过程进行了分析后，模拟计算喷油锥角以及 EGR 对缸内燃烧的影响，计算表明合理的喷油锥角以及 EGR 均可以改善缸内 的燃烧过程。模拟计算同时发现，EGR 中的燃油组分和活性基组分均可 以改善缸内的燃烧过程。 关键词：柴油机，起动过程，EGR，燃烧首循环，CFD Experimental Study and Simulation of Diesel Engine Starting Process ABSTRACT The diesel engines have high fuel efficiency and reliability. Compared with gasoline engines, diesel engines have higher thermal efficiency, because they have larger compress ratio and air fuel ratio, and have not throttle loss. The technology of high pressure common rail increases the performance of diesel engines, therefore，diesel engines are used widely. Startability is one of the most important capabilities of diesel engine .But when the engines in cold state, especially in low temperature environment, they have lots of problems, such as long motoring time, fluctuant speed, bad combustion and emission. etc. For the research of start process of diesel engines, a transient measurement and control system was established based on a 135 single DI diesel engine. This system could change the injection time and pulse width, implement variable EGR rate via controlling the EGR valve and exhaust back-pressure valve. Depended on the test system, experiments of start process of engines with different EGR valve opening were finished, tests of controlling EGR rate to improve the startability were also carried out. The results indicated that, EGR hastened the appearance of the first firing cycle. The bigger the EGR rate was, the earlier the first firing cycle appeared. At the same time, too much EGR deteriorated the combustion quality, made the misfiring cycles increase. As a result, the who