差分方程的两个特征值问题-应用数学专业论文.docxVIP

中 文 摘 要 全文分为四部分: 第一章为引言, 主要介绍了该问题的研究背景和意义, 以及本文的主要工作. 第二章主要给出了一些相关的概念和基本的结果, 如特征值, 特征函数的性 质等, 在下文中将不再证明而直接应用. 第二章是本文的主要部分, 分为两节. 第一节给出了如下二阶差分方程边值 问题存在非单特征值的充要条件, ? 2 ?? ?? yn?1 + qnyn = λrnyn, n = 1, · · · , N, y0 cos α ? ?y0 sin α = 0, ? ? yN cos β + ?yN sin β = 0, 其中qn, rn, n = 1, · · · , N, 是实数序列, 0 ≤ α, β π. 进而得出此边值问题的非单实 特征值个数与此边值问题当rn = 1 时的负特征值个数之间的关系, 相应地, 当上 述边值问题存在非实特征值时, 我们在第二节得到了类似的结论,同时, 还证明了 其特征函数与rn 的关系. 第四章是对整篇论文的总结, 并提出了一些尚未解决的问题和进一步研究的 方向. 关键词: 差分方程; 特征值; 特征函数; 谱理论. Abstract This paper is consisted of four chapters: The first chapter is an introduction. The background, significance of research and the main work of this paper are introduced in this part. In the second chapter, we give some definitions and basic conclusions, such as some properties of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions which are used to solve the problems in the next part and we will quote them directly without proofs. The third chapter is the main part of this paper, consisting of two sections. The first section gives the necessary and sufficient condition of the boundary value problems for the second-order difference equations as follows: ? 2 ?? ?? yn?1 + qnyn = λrnyn, n = 1, · · · , N, y0 cos α ? ?y0 sin α = 0, ? ? yN cos β + ?yN sin β = 0. here qn, rn, n = 1, · · · , N, are real numbers, 0 ≤ α, β π. Then, we can obtain relation- ship between the number of non-simple real eigenvalues of the boundary value problems for the second-order difference equations and the number of negative eigenvalues of the the boundary value problems for the second-order difference equations when rn equals 1. Accordingly, when it exists non-real eigenvalues of the boundary value problems for the second-order difference equations, we get similar conclusions in the second section. At the same time, we obtain relationship between their eigenfunctions and rn. The last chapter is a summation of this paper,we point out some unsolved problems and direction for further research. Key words: difference equat