查理曼加冕称帝探究-世界史专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 公元 800 年圣诞节，法兰克国王查理曼被教皇利奥三世加冕为罗马人的皇帝，这是欧洲 中世纪史上的重要事件。查理曼加冕称帝是 8 世纪加洛林王朝建立后频繁对外征战和大幅疆 土扩张的结果，是法兰克王国与罗马教皇盟友关系自然发展的产物。它在外部得益于阿拔斯 王朝对拜占庭的压力及拜占庭国势的暂时削弱，在法兰克王国内部则受惠于文化的复兴及宗 教的革新。由于记载查理曼加冕的五种核心史料各有侧重，所以学者们基于不同的史料形成 了不同的观点。有的强调查理曼及其近臣的策划，有的强调教皇的推动，还有的关注拜占庭 帝国和阿拉伯帝国的影响。综合分析这些史料可知，尽管查理曼及其近臣事先有所准备，但 是查理曼对称帝依然有所顾虑。恰在此时，教皇从自身利益出发，果断地将皇冠戴在查理曼 的头上。因此，出现了艾因哈德笔下有关查理曼在仪式中感到意外的记载。这一事件促进了 罗马文明的复兴，是此后教权与皇权冲突的先导，同时也是现代法、德、意等国国家形成的 雏形。 关键词：查理曼、法兰克王国、罗马帝国、教皇、加冕 I Abstract Charlemagne, King of Franks, was crowned as the Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III on December 25, 800 A. D. It is an important event in the Middle Ages. It was a result of frequent campaigns and substantial expansion of Carolingian ever since its foundation in the 8th century as well as a natural result of the alliance between the Frankish kingdom and papacies. It benefits from religious reform and cultural revival of Frankish kingdom as well as the temporary fading of Byzantine Empire which was under the pressure from Abbasid Dynasty. Historians, basing on the five key documents, have debated over the coronation for a long time and focused on different aspects. For this event, some historians pay special attention on the plots of Charlemagne and his intimate ministers, some emphasize the role of the Pope, and others focus on the influence of Byzantine Empire and Arab Empire. Further analysis shows that despite of the preparation of Charlemagne and his intimate ministers before Christimas, Charlemagne was not prepared to recieve the title of “ emperor ”. Just then, searching for his own instrest, Pope Leo III put the imperial crown on the head of Charlemagne. Charlemagne was surprised at the coronation, as recorded by Einhard. The imperial coronation of Charlemagne promoted the revival of Roman civilization, led subsequent power struggles between emperor and papcy, and laid the foundations for modern France, Italy and Germany. Key words: Charlemagne, Frankish kingdom, Roman empire, Pope, Coronation II 目