多天线系统位同步算法实现研究-信号与信息处理专业论文.docxVIP

电子科技大学硕士学位论文 电子科技大学硕士学位论文 I I 摘 要 在无线通讯系统中采用多天线技术，可以显著提高现有带宽内的容量，提高频 谱利用率，提高信道的可靠性，降低误码率。多天线系统容量公式由仙农公式得出， 可知用来生成信道矩阵H的天线阵元数量，阵元间距，角度扩展和信噪比ρ等是影 响信道容量的关键参数，通过对他们的改善可以直接提高信道容量。本文建立两个 只有近场散射的非视距传播（NLOS）多天线传播模型，近场散射体分别为线阵和 环阵。假设信号为平面波。对两种模型分别以3×3和7×7的方式在2GHz频段进行仿 真，通过仿真得出两种模型中用以生成信道矩阵H的不同物理参数发生变化时的信 道容量变化曲线图。试验结果表明，信道容量随天线阵元间距变化的曲线、天线阵 元间距和散射角度扩展的变化对UHR模型和ULR模型的信道容量的影响不同。在系 统设计时，通过选择合适的生成矩阵H的物理参数可以提高信道容量。对在实用的 多天线TDMA/TDD系统，位同步技术是提高信噪比ρ的关键技术之一。本文分析了 TDD模式对提高多天线系统容量的重要性，针对中兴TDD/TDMA多天线实验平台设 计了一种位同步算法并加以实现，用以改善阵列信号输出信噪比，提高实用系统的 信道容量。该位同步算法包括用最优化方法进行粗同步（捕获）和用EVM算法以及 根据具体同步效果设计改进的滤波器进行细同步（跟踪）两部分。通过外场试验数 据证明了该算法的有效性。作为实用验证，该算法被商用于ZTE某型PHS基站用以 代替原来的OEM版本，本文通过对大量实地采集数据的对比分析证明，该算法对提 高信号质量的确取得明显的效果。 关键词：多天线 ,信道容量，信道矩阵，信噪比，位同步 II II Abstract By utilizing the spatial diversity, it is shown that multi-antenna systems can improve the channel capacity, bandwidth usage, and the reliability of data transmission. In this thesis, the capacity of multi-antenna systems is derived by using Shannons theorem. We show that the capacity is dependent on two key parameters: the channel matrix H and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). To verify this, we first model two models of NLOS multi-antenna system with near field scattering. The scatters in the near field model are arranged in the line-like array and ring-like array respectively. Assuming the transmitted signal is planar wave, we implement the simulation on both models with the carrier frequency given by 2G Hz. The number of transmitter antennas and receiver antennas are 3×3 and 7×7 respectively. The simulation results show that the channel capacity will change as a function of the elements spacing. The impacts of the element spacing and spread angular on the channel capacity are different in Uncorrelated High Rank (UHR) and Uncorrelated Low Rank (ULR) models. Since the equivalent SNR is highly related to the synchronization performance in a practical TDMA/TDD multi-antenna system, we further our study and propose a new synchronization method used