残余应力对压力容器破坏模式的影响分析-固体力学专业论文.docxVIP

IV IV The influence of residual stress induced in the manufacture process of press vessels should be taken into account. In this study, with the use of commercial FEM code ABAQUS, the quasi-state crack propagation of surface crack occuring in a pressure vessel model with a 3-D surface crack is simulated under the given residual welding stresses. A new method is proposed to predict the geometric features of surface crack propagation by introducing the concept of scale factor. The conclusions obtained are listed as follows: The residual stresses restrain the crack propagation in the direction of wall thickness. The effect of residual stresses makes the surface cracks become slender to induce the bursting fracture consequently. Therefore the influence of residual stresses must be taken into account in the LBB rule; The geometric features of surface crack is not be optional. The correct one is that the points along the crack front tip are in the same propagation states. The ratio of SIFs near the surface and those in the direction of thickness varies with the ratio of the major axis and the minor axis of the elliptical crack (b/a). The actual geometry of surface crack depend on the appropriate choice of ratio. The simulation method for the crack propagation proposed in this study PAGE PAGE VI can be applied in the case of applying of both exterior load and residual stresses. After the distributions of SIFs are obtained, the geometric features can be determined according to the scale factors. Based on the above results, we can estimate whether the structure satisfies LBB requirement. Key words: Surface Crack, Crack Propagation, Finite Element Method, SIF, LBB 目录 摘 要 I ABSTRACT III 第一章 绪论 1 1.1 概述 1 1.2 先漏后爆（LBB）准则的研究 2 1.3 表面裂纹的准静态扩展分析 4 1.4 本文研究主要内容 4 第二章 断裂力学中理论中的裂纹及应力强度因子 6 2.1 断裂力学的研究对象 6 2.2 裂纹类型 7 2.3 张开型裂纹尖端附近的应力和位移 8 2.4 应力强度因子 10 2.4.1 细长尖缺口顶端附近的应力分布 10 2.4.2 应力集中与应力强度因子的关系 11 2.4.3 椭圆表面裂纹的应力强度因子 12 2.5 脆性断裂的 K 准则 17 2.5.1 能量释放率与 G