超声空化场分布表征方法及其对氧化脱硫的影响研究-化学工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 近年来，随着世界各地环保法规的日益严格，燃料油的深度脱硫已经成为一 个世界范围的重要课题。氧化脱硫因其反应条件温和，操作流程简单且能够脱除 加氢脱硫中难以除去的硫化物，受到越来越多的关注。但氧化脱硫反应时间长， 试剂损耗大，使其经济成本有所上升，超声的引入可以有效的解决这一问题。众 多研究都表明超声空化作用是超声各种物理及化学效应的直接原因，超声空化强 度及其分布对于化学反应速率和化学选择性有重要影响，通过对空化场的测量分 析，可得到反应器内有效区域信息指导声能量的有效利用，进而提高声化学反应 器效率。空化场强度逐点扫描的测量方法耗时耗力，不利于其应用，本文采用廉 价易得、操作简单的铝箔腐蚀法对空化场进行测量表征，并用 MATLAB 软件的 数据和图像处理功能对铝箔腐蚀结果进行后续处理，实现结果量化，利用自编程 序得到空化场二维分布信息并完成三维空间结构的重建，对声场表征结果进行切 片分析，得到单换能器声场分布规律的同时验证重建声场的可靠性，为超声强化 过程机理研究奠定分析基础。 根据超声化学基础理论研究的结果，微小固体颗粒的存在可以使空化泡发生 不对称溃陷，进而促进超声场中空化作用的效果，本文选取粉末活性炭，颗粒活 性炭和氧化铝三种催化剂载体加入超声场，以其提高超声氧化脱硫的效率，降低 生产成本。根据氧化脱硫体系的特点，对液固两相及液液固三相体系下的超声空 化场进行测量表征，研究固体颗粒加入对空化场的影响规律，并选取合适的固体 催化剂，优化氧化脱硫过程，为超声氧化脱硫的机理研究提供基础数据。 关键词：氧化脱硫；超声空化；铝箔腐蚀法；MATLAB；三维可视化 ABSTRACT In recent years, with the worlds increasing strict environmental regulations, fuel oil depth desulfurization has become a worldwide important topic. Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has become the research focus because of its mild reaction conditions and simple operation process. But the long reaction time leads to unnecessary lost of reagent which makes the cost rise. The application of ultrasound can significantly improve this situation. Ultrasonic cavitation intensity and its distribution affect the chemical reaction rate and chemoselectivity since the ultrasonic cavitation is the driving force of sonochemical reactions. Effective region information can be got by measuring the cavitation field. The common technique to determine spatial sound pressure fields is to scan the sound field pointwise which is time-consuming and expensive and thus limits its application in the industry. In this work, aluminum foil erosion method was used to measure the distribution of the ultrasonic cavitation field which is easy cheap and simple operation. MATLAB software is used to analyze the aluminum foil erosion image and achieve the goal of quantitative measurement. The three-dimension visualization of the ultrasonic cavitation field can be realized at the same time. Analyzed the results b