54_群落生态学.pptVIP

Chapter 54 Community Ecology Overview: A Sense of Community A biological community is an assemblage of populations of various species living close enough for potential interaction. All life / all populations in an area. Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions. Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species. Effects can be positive (+), negative (–), or no effect (0). Examples: competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, commensalism). Competition Interspecific competiti