发达国家缩小居民收入差距的政策及其启示-产业经济学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 二战后，发达国家都普遍存在着收入差距过大的问题。收入差距过大，不仅 妨碍了垄断资本积累，也导致人们心态失衡，产生仇富心理，影响社会的和谐发 展，不利于维护资本主义统治。所以，发达国家在战后工农业生产迅速增长的基 础上，采取了一系列政策措施缩小居民收入差距。可以说，半个多世纪以来，发 达国家在缩小居民差距方面取得了一定的成效，积累了丰富的经验。 当前，我国居民收入差距问题也日益突出，加上相关政策的不配套，形成了 庞大的包括农民工、下岗工人等在内的弱势群体，并不断引发群体事件，所谓的 “诉求型危机”不断增加。我国由此引发的群体事件和参与人员分别由1994年的 1.7万起和30万人分别增至2004年前三个季度的5万余起和近300万人。居民收入差 距过大本身就是社会不和谐的音符，直接危及到党的执政地位和国家的稳定发展， 是我国当前亟待解决的重要问题。 为了借鉴发达国家在缩小居民收入差距方面的经验，“他山之石，可以攻玉”， 从事战后发达国家缩小居民收入差距政策的研究，其目的在于通过对发达国家缩 小居民收入差距的研究，发现一些好的做法、成功经验，并从中受到启迪，为进 一步完善我国的居民收入分配政策提供一些有价值的参考建议。本文以发达国家 缩小居民收入差距的政策为研究对象，首先分析了发达国家缩小居民收入差距政 策产生的背景与理论依据；接着从收入分配起点、收入分配过程和收入分配结果 等三个环节深入阐述了发达国家缩小居民收入差距的各种政策；最后领悟出发达 国家缩小居民收入差距政策对我国的启示。 关键词：发达国家； 居民收入差距； 政策； 启示 ABSTRACT After World War II, the problem of too big income gap existed in developed countries generally. Too big income gap has not only hindered monopolizing capital accumulation, but also caused peoples psychology to be out-of-balance and be rich- hatred, which influenced the harmonious development of the society and is unfavorable to the capitalism of safeguarding to rule. Therefore, the developed countries had taken a series of policies and measures to narrow residents’ income gap on the foundation of rapid increasing in industrial and agricultural production after World War II. We can say, over half a century and more, the developed countries had made certain effect in narrowing residents’ disparity and had accumulated abundant experience. At present, the problem of residents’ income gap of our country is outstanding day by day too; in addition, relevant policies do not form a complete set. The huge disadvantaged groups including rural workers and laid-off workers have formed, which initiates colony incidents constantly. The so-called “demand-typed crisis” is increasing constantly. Because of this, from the year 1994 to the first three quarters of 2004, the number of colony incidents has increased from 17,000 to more than 50,000; the number of participation personnel has increased from 3