Rab蛋白在葡萄糖转运中的作用.PDFVIP

Rab 蛋白在葡萄糖转运中的作用 黄 薇， 康雁君∗ （江南大学无锡医学院基础医学系，无锡 214122 ） 摘要 在脂肪和骨骼肌细胞中，胰岛素可迅速刺激葡萄糖转运，即通常所说的GLUT4 转运. GLUT4 转运 是指 Rabs 在与 GTP 结合的活性形式时，促进囊泡与微管和微丝蛋白结合，并通过锚定和融合作用使 GLUT4 囊泡与目标膜结构融合. 多数 Rab 家族成员广泛表达于各种组织细胞中，且在细胞内定位十分 广泛，几乎存在于真核细胞所有的膜相关的细胞器的胞浆侧. Rab 蛋白作为囊泡运输的分子开关，通过 调节运输小泡的停泊和融合，在囊泡的形成、转运、粘附、锚定、融合等过程中起着重要的作用. Rab 蛋白受到多种上游调节蛋白的调节，同时调控着下游的多种效应蛋白，构成了复杂的调控网络：任何一 个环节改变都可能会导致蛋白质转运的异常，进而引发一些疾病.本文系统阐述了 Rab 蛋白在葡萄糖转 运过程中的作用及该领域的最新进展. 关键词 Rabs ；葡萄糖转运蛋白4 ；葡萄糖转运；糖尿病 中图分类号 R34 The Role of Rabs in Glucose Transport * HUANG Wei, KANG Yan-Jun （Department of Basic Medicine ，Wuxi Medical School Jiangnan University，Wuxi，214122，China） Abstract In fat and muscle cells, the insulin could stimulate the transport of glucose timely, which is referred to as GLUT4 translocation. This process play a part as the Rabs, which in their GTP form, promote the GLUT4 translocation by linking vesicles to microtubule and microfilament motors, and in vesicle fusion to target membranes through interactions with the docking and fusion machinery. The majority of Rabs are expressed in various tissue cells, with an extensive intracellular localization, and almost presented in the cytoplasm of all the membrane associated organelles in eukaryotic cells. As a molecular switch of the vesicle-transport, the Rabs play an important role in vesicle formation, translocation, adhesion, anchoring and fusion process by regulating the docking and fusion of vesicle. Rabs are regulated by many upstream regulatory proteins, while also act on its downstream effector proteins, both of which