美国加拿大身体活动指南研制的方法探析.docVIP

美国加拿大身体活动指南研制的方法探析 　　摘 要：为探索国外研制身体活动指南所采用的方法，为中国研制或完善不同年龄群体身体活动指南提供借鉴，对美、加两国研制身体活动指南的方法进行探讨。两国指南的研制都是遵从一整套做法：成立研制指导委员会、遴选相关领域专家、按要求评议身体活动与健康结果之间剂量-效应关系的科学证据、进行公共咨询等。方法论上主要表现为：遴选人员方法，确定目标、任务和各个阶段划分的方法，收集资料的方法，分析资料的方法，合成结果的方法和质量控制的方法。研究表明只有遵循指南研制的一般方法论，以科学证据为基础的情况下，考虑到公众的需求等，才能制定出满足大众需求、科学而又实用的身体活动指南。 　　关 键 词：体育社会学；身体活动指南；美国；加拿大 　　中图分类号：G80-05 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2015）04-0045-06 　　An analysis of methods used by America and Canada to 　　develop their Physical Activity Guides 　　DONG Ru-bao1，2 　　（1.School of Physical Education and Sport Science，Fujian Normal University，Fuzhou 350108，China；2.Department of Physical Education，Huaihua University，Huaihua 418000，China） 　　Abstract： In order to probe into methodologies used by foreign countries to develop their physical activity guides， so as to provide a reference for China to develop or perfect a physical activity guide for people of different ages， the author analyzed methods used by America and Canada to develop their physical activity guides. The development of the two guides were carried out by following a set of procedures： establish a development guidance committee； select experts in related areas； evaluate scientific evidence for the dose-effect relationship between physical activity and health as required； carry out public consultation etc. In terms of methodology， there were mainly the following methods： personnel selecting method， objective determining and task and stage defining method， data collecting method， data analyzing method， result merging method and quality controlling method. The author concluded that a scientific and practical physical activity guide that can meet public needs can be established only by following a general methodology for guide development， and by considering public needs based on scientific evidence. 　　Key words： sports sociology；physical activity guide；America；Canada 　　为了提高公众的身体健康与生活质量，很多经济或社会体育发达国家都研制各自国家的身体活动指南，旨在遏制由于身体活动不足带来的多种慢性非传染性疾病的蔓延。在20世纪末加拿大[1-2]开始研制身体活动指南，从1997―2