集约化种植业面源污染分区监管的模式的探讨.docVIP

集约化种植业面源污染分区监管的模式的探讨 　　摘要：随着中国现代化农业的发展，集约化程度越来越高，在带来了较大经济效益的同时也使得面源污染问题日益严峻。为了应对集约化种植业面源污染，目前中国已开展对集约化种植区的合理监管。面源污染监管不同于工业点源污染监管，而中国当前农业面源污染监管照搬现成工业点源监管模式，存在较大问题，主要有监管权限不明，职能冲突，环境要素分割监管，环境管理机构缺位，监管运行机制不完善等。建议根据监管区实际情况进行源强分级，确定不同监管级别，实现分区监管，合理分配政府监管、协议监管、社会监管、自我监管，以提高监管效率，逐步建立和完善适应中国国情的集约化种植业面源污染监管体系。 　　关键词：集约化种植业；面源污染；分区；监管 　　中图分类号：X592 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）03-0545-03 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.03.001 　　Abstract：With the development of modern agriculture，intensive degree is higher and higher. Which brings the larger economic benefits at the same time also makes the problem of the non-point source pollution is more and more serious. In order to deal with non-point source pollution，our country has paid attention to the rational regulation of intensive area that can play a more effective role. Non-point source pollution regulation is different from industrial point source pollution，but the current non-point source pollution management copy existing industrial point source pollution regulation mode. Which is a big problem. Mainly problems include：regulatory authority is unknown，role conflict，environmental regulatory elements segmentation， the absence of environment management institutions，regulatory mechanism is not perfect.Highly recommended source graded according to the actual situation in the regulatory area，zoning regulation to achieve a reasonable distribution of government regulation，protocol supervision，social supervision，self-regulation，improve regulatory efficiency，and gradually establish and improve China’s national conditions of intensive cropping area pollution control regulatory body. 　　Key words：intensive planting areas；non-point source pollution；partition；regulation 　　随着国家农业经济及国家城镇化建设和农业现代化发展，必然会导致农业集约化，集约化农业必然是中国以后农业的发展方向。集约化的发展在一定程度上缓解了人口的快速增长与耕地资源严重不足的矛盾，但是以高强度、高投入为特点的农业集约化增加了单位面积上农业生产资料的使用量，对局部区域的环境造成了严重的影响，引起局部地区土壤养分失衡、水体富营养化、有害污染物累积等环境问题。但面源的监管体系与工业点源的监管应该有所不同，所以制定集约化种植区的监管体系就显得格外重要。 　　1 集约化种植业发展及污染现状 　　1.1 集约化种植业发展