肾小管与集合管的重吸收教学案例.pptVIP

第二节 肾小管与集合管的重吸收  Reabsorption in the renal tubule and collecting duct;一、重吸收的方式;浓度差;;髓袢升支粗段(thick segment of ascending limb) 继发性主动转运(secondary active transport) 特点：逆电化学差 耗能 Characteristics: against an electrochemical gradient and requires energy ) 葡萄糖(glucose)、氨基酸(amino acid)、Na+等主动重吸收;二、几种物质的重吸收1. Na+的重吸收：;近球小管后半段： Na+、Cl- ——细胞旁路被动重吸收(paracellular pathway)。;;近球小管——泵漏模式(pump-leak model); D 静水压升高引起Na+和水通过基膜进入细胞间液和相邻毛细血管，并有回漏现象. Sodium and water are reabsorbed from the interstitial fluid into the peritubular capillaries by hydrostatic pressure ,meanwhile,there also exits leakage from interstitial fluid to tubule. E 在Na+被重吸收时，尚有相当量的负离子（HCO3- 或Cl-）顺Na+被重吸收时造成的电??差而被重吸收。 Many negative ions are reabsorbed by difference of potential induced by the process of sodium reabsorption .;;;2. Cl-的重吸收：;A Na+的主动重吸收形成小管内外电位差，管内-4mV Sodium is positively reabsorbed from the tubule. This creates a difference of potential. B 负离子HCO3-、Cl-顺电位差被动重吸收 Negative ions such as HCO3-、Cl- are passively reabsorbed by difference of potential. C HCO3-比Cl-优先重吸收，加上渗透压差导致水的重吸收 小管液中Cl-浓度 Preferential reabsorption of HCO3- and the reabsorption of water by osmosis pressure lead to a high concentration of chloride in tubule. D Cl-的管内外浓度差又造成Cl-被动重吸收 Cl- is reabsorbed passively by the difference of concentration.;②髓袢升支粗段，管腔内正电位（+2～+10mV）;正电位依赖Cl-、K+存在。 Na+、Cl-、K+由同一载体协同转运。 Movement of sodium across the luminal membrane is mediated primarily by a 1-sodium,2-chloride,1-potassium cotransporter. 用哇巴因(-) 钠泵，转运受阻，提示Na+泵参与此过程，机制可能如下： The transport is blocked by using ouabain which blocks the activity of sodium pump.;A 升支粗段上皮细胞管周膜的Na+泵将Na+由胞内泵向组织间液 Sodium is transported from the epithelial cell into interstitial fluid by the activity of sodium pump in the epithelial cell basolateral membranes. B Na+被泵出后，细胞内Na+ ，出现管腔内与细胞内Na+浓度差 Sodium pump maintains a low intracellular sodium concentration. ;C 管腔内Na+顺此浓度差扩散到细胞内，但须与Cl-、K+由同一载体协同转运。Na+:2Cl-:K+